Editing Keansburg, New Jersey (section)

==History==
[[Image:Keansburg Boardwalk 2.jpg|thumb|left|An early morning view of the midway in Keansburg Amusement Park]]
The land that is now Keansburg was earlier home to [[Lenape|Lenni Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]].<ref>Geffken, Rick. [https://tworivertimes.com/keansburg-celebrates-100-years-this-weekend/ "Keansburg Celebrates 100 Years This Weekend"], ''The Two River Times'', October 4, 2017. Accessed July 30, 2019. "As it prepares to celebrate the 100th anniversary of what an old Monmouth County history book calls “the little village lying on the Bay Coast,” it’s interesting to note it has not always been known as Keansburg. The Lenape natives called it 'Waackaack.' They were forced to give way to Dutch, English, and Scottish settlers starting in the 17th century. Europeans heard that place name as Waycake."</ref>

On September 3, 1609, the ''[[Half Moon (ship)|Half Moon]]'', captained by [[Henry Hudson]], is said to have landed on the shores of present-day Keansburg (although some historians argue that the landing and forthcoming explained events took place at the tip of [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]]). Crewmen of the ship were attacked by the Native Americans when they departed the ship, and [[John Colman]] was killed, making him what is said to be the first European to be murdered by a Native American.<ref>[[Sam Roberts (newspaper journalist)|Roberts, Sam]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/05/nyregion/05murder.html "New York's Coldest Case: A Murder 400 Years Old"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 4, 2009. Accessed July 26, 2012. "It was on Sept. 6, 1609 — 400 years ago Sunday — when this, the first recorded murder in what became metropolitan New York, was committed. Colman was killed only four days after the first Dutch and English sailors arrived."</ref> He is believed to have been buried in the area that is today the intersection of Carr Avenue and Beachway in an area known as "Colman's Point".

<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Keansburg Condos.jpg|180px|thumb|RIGHT|Condominiums being built in Keansburg]] -->
In the time between 1609 and the early 18th century, the land was gradually purchased from the Lenni Lenape, together with other surrounding areas. The area was inhabited by Dutch, English, and Scottish settlers. In the 18th century, farming proved to be successful on Keansburg's land, with specialties being pears, apples and corn (maize).
[[Image:Keansburg Beach.jpg|280px|thumb|right|An early morning view of the beach in Keansburg circa August 2005]]

In this time, the settlement took on the name of Waackaack (pronounced "Way-kay-ack"), which came from the term "Wakioak" in the [[Lenape language]] meaning "Land of Plenty".<ref>Harnes, John A. [http://www.injersey.com/day/story/0,2379,591068,00.html "Of Wakioak and 'clam diggers'"], ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', July 18, 2002. Accessed April 10, 2007. "Since the Lenni-Lenape Indians called the area Wakioak, which meant 'land of plenty,' this area of Monmouth County south of Raritan Bay has been called many names, including: Colman's Point, Middletown, Granville, Raritan and finally Keansburg, when the community's first post office was created through the efforts of Rep. John Kean and the Rev. William Ramsay."</ref> The area was also widely known as Tanner's Landing from the early 18th century until approximately 1820, so named for the pier at the end of what was Tanner's Landing Road (now Main Street). Tanner's Landing was a principal port for the area for many years.<ref>[http://www.keansburg.k12.nj.us/khs/Keansburg/chapter_5.htm "Keansburg High School History of Keansburg, at Chapter 5 (Story of the Seas)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123041046/http://www.keansburg.k12.nj.us/khs/Keansburg/chapter_5.htm |date=January 23, 2008 }}. Accessed July 23, 2007. "In the early days TANNER'S LANDING, now Main Street Beach, was at the foot of TANNERS LANDING ROAD (Main Street). This was a principle (sic) road going through Monmouth County, as it attached to the "KINGS HIGHWAY", the Landing itself being a Major freight port of the countryside. The first steamboat that came into Monmouth County was to use this landing, it was a sidewheel boat which was commanded by Captain Pennoyer. The Tanner's landing was used as a principal port as late as 1820...Tanners landing was a bee-hive of activity around the Revolutionary War period, because it was a Major port."</ref><ref>[http://www.keansburg-historical.org/images/1851%20Lightfoot.jpg "Map of Tanner's Landing, 1851"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928033901/http://www.keansburg-historical.org/images/1851%20Lightfoot.jpg |date=September 28, 2007 }}, Keansburg Historical Society.</ref>

The area adopted its second official name of Granville, which derived from the importance of the Phillips Mill, and the grain-producing farms in the region. The name held until the 1880s. During the century, Granville became home to its own church, two lighthouses and small businesses. Roadways were beginning to form from repeated use of horse and buggies. The beach was already a favorite to visitors. Population was about 300 people, who mostly farmed and clammed for a living.

On Sunday, March 22, 1877, at "half past 9 o'clock," Granville welcomed the newly assigned pastor of the Granville Methodist Episcopal Church, William W. Ramsay. He later stated: "I arrived at the Granville Methodist Episcopal Church in Keansburg as pastor for the ensuing year. I soon learned that the hamlet consisted of about 300 inhabitants, whose occupations were mainly devoted to clamming & farming."<ref>Freda, Jerry. ''The History of Keansburg: The Land of Plenty'', page 24, 1976</ref> At 19 years of age, Ramsay was slated to serve in the church for just one year. His success at the helm of church led to another year in Granville, after which he decided to make the village his permanent home. Ramsay and his wife, Eliza S. Wood, purchased the land that is 69 Church Street and opened a general store in 1881. In the coming years, Ramsay took greater and greater interest in Granville and eventually arranged a petition to establish a post office. The list of 132 names was passed on to [[John Kean (New Jersey)|John Kean]] of [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]], a candidate for Congress. His efforts led to the opening of the post office in 1884, with Mrs. Ramsay serving as its first postmaster. That year, the name Keansburg was adopted in Kean's honor.<ref name=Keensburg/><ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=17 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''], New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 2, 2015.</ref> A school was built at the cost of $30,000 in 1890 and sat on what is today the corner of Myrtle Avenue and Church Street (now Fallon Manor).

Further development continued with the creation of postcards depicting the village and land purchases, including acquisitions by William A. Gehlhaus and the Keansburg Beach Company. The Keansburg Steamboat Company was founded in 1910 primarily by Gelhaus as a means of providing transportation for New Yorkers who were interested in buying homes in Keansburg. In 1893, Gelhaus purchased a bakery business in Atlantic Highlands which he operated with his brothers until 1905. At that time he entered the real estate business in Keansburg. He was president of the New Point Comfort Beach Company which he formed with Jesse Sculthorp and Howard Roberts. The company owned a large real estate development in Keansburg and in 1906 laid out the Beachway. On June 18, 1909, the New Point Comfort Beach Company bought the steamboat ''Accomack'' in Norfolk, Virginia, and started a scheduled run from New York to Keansburg on July 1 that was intended as a way to bring prospective property buyers to Keansburg. Another real estate developer, Keansburg Heights Development Co., bought several thousand tickets. By July 21, more than $1,500 worth of tickets had been sold at $0.35 each.<ref>[http://www.monmouthhistory.org/Sections-read-32.html Library & Archives Manuscript Collections: Collection 17 - Keansburg Steamboat Company Records, 1910-1914] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217151437/http://www.monmouthhistory.org/Sections-read-32.html |date=February 17, 2012 }}, Monmouth County Historical Society. Accessed August 6, 2012</ref> As the town became more populated, the Keansburg Beach Company sold off most of the surrounding land on Beachway Ave., keeping "just the boardwalk and amusement area."<ref>Freda, Jerry; ''The History of Keansburg: The Land of Plenty'', page 28, 1976</ref>
[[Image:Keansburg Boardwalk.jpg|180px|thumb|left|The boardwalk in Keansburg, New Jersey. The beach is on the opposite side]]

Tourists from New York City would ferry over and spend the weekend or summer vacation to escape the city heat, until [[Hurricane Donna]] wiped out much of the waterfront area in 1960.<ref name=BriefHistory>Graham, Mollie F. [http://www.app.com/article/20020718/NEWS/70903067/Keansburg-Union-Beach-brief-history?nclick_check=1 "Keansburg and Union Beach: A brief history"], ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', September 3, 2007. Accessed August 24, 2013.</ref> In 1969, the borough spent $7.9 million on the Bayshore Hurricane Protection Plan, which had been developed with state and federal funding from The New Jersey Bureau of Navigation and the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]]. The redevelopment plan increased the size of the beaches to protect against future storms.<ref>Gabrielan, p. 41.</ref> A number of fires in the 1980s destroyed several structures on the North side of Beachway Avenue. The Dance Hall Auditorium, Keansburg Bowling Alley and the Casino Theater were destroyed by fire during this time.<ref>Gabrielan, pp. 46-47.</ref>

The Gelhaus family re-acquired the Keansburg Amusement Park in 1995, following a 20-year absence after Henry Gelhaus had sold the property in 1972. The return of the Gelhaus family as proprietors of the amusement park sparked a resurgence of interest in the town. Upgrades were made to the amusement park grounds and a water park was constructed. Runaway rapids was opened in 1996 on the site of the former Crystal Pool.<ref>Gabrielan, p. 48.</ref> The Keansburg Waterfront Public Library, founded in 2004, was the result of a concerted effort on the part of townspeople and the borough government to provide a high quality library with resources that address the needs and interests of the community.<ref>Frigdore, Sherry. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727113011/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/app/access/1806772271.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+1%2C+2004&author=SHERRY+FIGDORE&pub=Asbury+Park+Press&edition=&startpage=3&desc=Keansburg+officials+dedicate+unfinished+waterfront+library "Keansburg officials dedicate unfinished waterfront library"], ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', July 1, 2004. p. B3.</ref> In 2012, the town added a $3 million [[desalination]] plant with Federal Stimulus Funds and a low interest loan from the N.J. Environmental Infrastructure Trust, which greatly improved the quality of the water supply. The town had previously stopped providing well water, as [[saltwater intrusion]] into the aquifer had exceeded environmental protection standards. The new facility removes contaminants from the water supply through [[reverse osmosis]].<ref>Biese, Alex. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130727113040/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/app/access/2629694451.html?FMT=ABS&date=Apr+09%2C+2012 "Keansburg water gets tastier as desalination plant starts operating"], ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'', April 9, 2012.</ref>