Editing Katanga Province (section)

==History==
{{main|History of Katanga}}
[[Copper mining]] in Katanga dates back over 1,000 years, and mines in the region were producing standard-sized [[ingots]] of copper for international transport by the end of the 10th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first=Amy |editor-last=McKenna |title=The History of Central and Eastern Africa |publisher=Rosen Education Service |series=Britannica Guide to Africa |date=2011 |isbn=978-1615303229 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofcentral0000unse_p8v3/page/9 9] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofcentral0000unse_p8v3/page/9}}</ref>

In the 1890s, the province was beleaguered from the south by [[Cecil Rhodes]]' [[Northern Rhodesia]], and from the north by the [[Belgian Congo]], the personal possession of King [[Leopold II of Belgium]]. [[Msiri]], the King of Katanga, (no such title exist, Msiri is a title for local authority in area controlled by Kazembe) held out against both, but eventually Katanga was subsumed by the Belgian Congo.<ref>{{cite book |first=Daniel |last=Crawford |title=Thinking Black: 22 Years Without a Break in the Long Grass of Central Africa |location=New York |publisher=George H. Doran |date=1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/thinkingblackye00crawgoog}}</ref>{{page needed|date=January 2019}}

After 1900, the [[Societe Generale de Belgique]] practically controlled all of the mining in the province through [[Union Minière du Haut Katanga]] (UMHK). This included [[uranium]], [[radium]], copper, [[cobalt]], [[zinc]], [[cadmium]], [[germanium]], [[manganese]], [[silver]], [[gold]], and [[tin]].

In 1915, a deposit of [[pitchblende]] and other uranium minerals of a higher grade than had ever been found before anywhere in the world and higher than any found since were discovered at [[Shinkolobwe]]. The discovery was kept secret by UMHK. After [[World War I]] ended a factory was built at [[Olen, Belgium|Olen]]; the secrecy was lifted at the end of 1922 with the announcement of the production of the first gram of radium from the pitchblende.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050325035647/http://www.world-nuclear.org/ushista.htm Uranium's scientific history - Part 2]</ref> By the start of [[World War II]], the mining companies "constituted a state within the [[Belgian Congo]]". The [[Shinkolobwe]] mine near [[Jadotville]] (now [[Likasi]]) was at the centre of the [[Manhattan Project]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Susan |last=Williams |title=Spies in the Congo |publisher=Public Affairs |location=New York |date=2016 |isbn=9781610396547 |pages=76–77, 289 |author-link=Susan Williams (historian)}}</ref>
[[Image:Shinkolobwe.jpg|thumb|Mine de Shinkolobwe. The uranium for the [[Manhattan Project]] and the [[Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]] came from [[Shinkolobwe]] mine.]]

In 1960, after the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then called Republic of the Congo) gained independence from Belgium, the UMHK, [[Moise Tshombe]] and [[Godefroid Munongo]] supported the [[secession]] of Katanga province from the Congo. This was supported by Belgium but opposed by the Congolese Prime Minister [[Patrice Lumumba]]. This led to the assassination of Lumumba and the [[Katanga Crisis]] (or "Congo Crisis"), which lasted from 1960 to 1965. The breakaway [[State of Katanga]] existed from 1960 to 1963, then was reintegrated.<ref name="Jullien2013">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23422038 |title=Fighting for DR Congo's cash cow to secede |first=Maud |last=Jullien |date=2013-08-12 |work=BBC Africa |access-date=2019-01-16 |language=en-GB |archive-date=8 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108050148/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23422038 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2005, the new constitution specified that Katanga was to be split up into separately administered provinces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo#Article_2 |title=Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo: Article 2 |publisher=[[Wikisource]] |access-date=24 May 2016 |archive-date=25 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025124200/http://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_de_la_R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_du_Congo#Article_2 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Militias such as [[Mai Mai Kata Katanga]] led by [[Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga]] fought for Katanga to secede, and his group briefly took over the provincial capital [[Lubumbashi]] in 2013.<ref name="Jullien2013"/>

In 2015, Katanga Province was split into the constitutional provinces of [[Tanganyika Province|Tanganyika]], [[Haut-Lomami]], [[Lualaba Province|Lualaba]], and [[Haut-Katanga]].<ref>[http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?p=4551 The National Assembly adopts the laws regarding the limits of the provinces in the Democratic Republic of the Congo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127065041/http://www.assemblee-nationale.cd/v2/?p=4551 |date=27 January 2015 }}, [[National Assembly (Democratic Republic of the Congo)|National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of the Congo]], 10 January 2015. {{in lang|fr}}</ref><ref>[http://www.radiookapi.net/2016/03/27/actualite/politique/election-des-gouverneurs-les-resultats-definitifs-attendus-le-18 Election of governors: definite results expected on 18 April] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328191445/http://www.radiookapi.net/2016/03/27/actualite/politique/election-des-gouverneurs-les-resultats-definitifs-attendus-le-18 |date=28 March 2016 }}, [[Radio Okapi]], 27 March 2016. {{in lang|fr}}</ref>