Editing Karuta (section)

== Portuguese-derived karuta ==

===Komatsufuda===
[[File:小松札.png|thumb|300px|Komatsufuda set]]
The first indigenous Japanese deck was the ''[[:ja:天正かるた|Tenshō karuta]]'' named after the [[Tenshō (Momoyama period)|Tenshō period]] (1573–[[1592|92]]).<ref>Pollet, Andrea. [http://l-pollett.tripod.com/cards9.htm Tensho Karuta] at Andy's Playing Cards. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</ref> It was a 48 card deck with the 10s missing like [[Portuguese-suited playing cards]] from that period. It kept the four Latin [[Suit (cards)|suits]] of cups, coins, clubs, and swords along with the three [[face cards]] of [[Jack (playing card)|female knave]], [[Knight (playing card)|knight]], and [[King (playing card)|king]].  In 1633, the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] banned these cards, forcing Japanese manufacturers to radically redesign their cards.  As a result of Japan's isolationist ''[[Sakoku]]'' policy, karuta would develop separately from the rest of the world. In order to evade the proscription of Portuguese derived cards, makers turned the cards into very abstract designs known as ''mekuri karuta'' (Japanese: {{lang|ja|めくりかるた}}, English: Flip{{efn|Refers to the action of revealing cards, usually from the top of the deck}} cards). By the mid-20th century, all ''mekuri karuta'' fell into oblivion with the exception of ''Komatsufuda'' (Japanese: {{lang|ja|小松札}}, English: Small pine cards) which is used to play Kakkuri, a game similar to [[Poch]], found in Yafune, [[Fukui prefecture]].<ref>Kuromiya Kimihiko. (2005). "Kakkuri: The Last Yomi Game of Japan". ''[[The Playing-Card]]'', Vol 33-4. p. 232-235.</ref>

===Unsun karuta===
[[File:うんすんカルタ.png|thumb|300px|Unsun karuta set]]
The ''[[:ja:うんすんカルタ|Unsun karuta]]'' (Japanese: {{lang |ja|うんすんカルタ}}) deck developed in the late 17th century.  It has five suits of 15 ranks each for a total of 75 cards.  Six of the ranks were face cards of female knave, knight, king, "Un" (うん), "Sun" (すん), and dragon.  The Portuguese deck used to have dragons on their [[ace]]s; the Unsun karuta made the aces and dragons separate cards. The order of the court cards change depending on whether it is the trump suit or not just like in [[Ombre]]. The new Guru suit used circular whirls (''[[mitsudomoe]]'') as [[Pip (counting)|pips]]. Unsun karuta is still used in [[Hitoyoshi, Kumamoto]], to play ''hachinin-meri'', a game descended from [[:pt:Guritipau|Guritipau]], a relative of Ombre.<ref>Depaulis, Thierry (2009).  "Playing the Game: Iberian Triumphs Worldwide". ''[[The Playing-Card]]''. Vol 38-2, p. 134-137.</ref> This game preserves some very archaic features such as inverted ranking for the pip cards in the three round suits. Inverted ranking is a feature found in [[Madiao]], [[Khanhoo]], [[Tổ tôm]], [[Ganjifa]], [[Tarot card games|Tarot]], Ombre, and [[Spoil Five|Maw]] and is believed to have originated in the very earliest card games.

===Kabufuda===
{{main|Kabufuda}}
[[File:Kabufuda set.jpg|thumb|300px|Kabufuda set]]
''[[Kabufuda]]'' (Japanese: {{lang|ja|株札}}) is another derivative of ''mekuri karuta'' but all the suits were made identical. It is used for gambling games such as [[Oicho-Kabu]]. They come in decks of 40 cards with designs representing the numbers 1 through 10.  There are four cards for each number and the 10 (Jack) is the only face card.

===Harifuda and Hikifuda===
The gambling game of {{ill|Tehonbiki|ja|手本引}} can be played with either a ''Harifuda'' ({{lang|ja|張札}}) or ''Hikifuda'' ({{lang |ja|引札}}, lit. ''[[Glossary of card game terms#draw|Draw]]n cards''<ref name="PollettTehonbiki" />) set. ''Harifuda'' contains seven copies of cards numbered one to six in stylized Chinese numerals for a total of 42 cards. The 48-card ''Hikifuda'' or ''Mamefuda'' ({{lang|ja|豆札}}, lit. ''Bean{{efn|Because the coins look like beans}} cards''<ref name="PollettTehonbiki" />) has eight copies of cards with one to six coins, similar to the coins of a ''mekuri karuta'' set. In Tehonbiki, the player tries to guess which number from 1 to 6 the dealer has selected.<ref name="PollettTehonbiki">Pollett, Andrea. [http://l-pollett.tripod.com/cards70.htm Tehonbiki] at Andy's Playing Cards. Retrieved 30 July 2015.</ref><ref>Pakarnian, John, "Game Boy:  Glossary of Japanese Gambling Games", ''[[Metropolis (free magazine)|Metropolis]]'', January 22, 2010, p. 15.</ref> Some sets may include indicator cards to raise or hedge bets.

=== Hanafuda ===
{{Multiple image
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| image1 = Hanafuda January Hikari.svg
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| caption1 = January hikari
| image2 = Hanafuda March Tanzaku.svg
| caption2 = March tanzaku
| image3 = Hanafuda September Kasu 2.svg
| caption3 = September kasu
}}{{main|Hanafuda}}
''[[Hanafuda]]'' (Japanese: {{lang|ja|花札}}, lit. ''flower cards'', also called Hanakaruta) are 48 card decks with flower designs originating from the early 19th century. Instead of being divided by 4 suits with 12 cards each, a hanafuda deck is divided by 12 suits (months) with 4 cards each. Hanafuda games are mostly [[fishing game]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=McLeod|first1=John|last2=Dummett|first2=Michael|title=Hachi-Hachi|journal=[[The Playing-Card]]|date=1975|volume=3|issue=4|pages=26–28}}</ref>