Editing Kamakura (section)

== Toponomy ==
The name ''Kamakura'' appears in the {{transliteration|ja|[[Kojiki]]}} of 712,<ref name="KHHS1">[http://www.kcn-net.org/e_kama_history/history/origin.htm Kamakura: History & Historic Sites – Origin of the Name Kamakura], the Kamakura Citizen Net, retrieved on April 27, 2008</ref><ref>Kurano (1958: 224–225)</ref> and is also mentioned in the {{c.|8th century}} {{transliteration|ja|[[Man'yōshū]]}}<ref>Satake (2002: 315, 337)</ref><ref>Satake (2003: 393)</ref> as well as in the {{transliteration|ja|[[Wamyō Ruijushō]]}}<ref>Minamoto (1966, 203–204)</ref> of 938. However, the city clearly appears in the historical record only with [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]]'s founding of the [[Kamakura shogunate]] in 1192.

There are various hypotheses about the origin of the name. According to the most likely theory, Kamakura, surrounded as it is on three sides by mountains, was likened both to a {{Nihongo|cooking hearth|竃|kamado, kama}} and to a {{Nihongo|warehouse|倉|kura}}, because both only have one side open.<ref name="KHHS1" />

Another and more picturesque explanation is a legend, relating how [[Fujiwara no Kamatari]] stopped at [[Yuigahama]] on his way to today's [[Ibaraki Prefecture]], where he wanted to pray at the [[Kashima Shrine]] for the fall of [[Soga no Iruka]]. He dreamed of an old man who promised his support, and upon waking, he found next to his bed a type of spear called a {{transliteration|ja|[[kamayari]]}}. Kamatari enshrined it in a place called [[Ōkura Bakufu|Ōkura]]. ''Kamayari'' plus ''Ōkura'' then turned into the name ''Kamakura''.<ref name="KHHS1" /> However, this and similar legends appear to have arisen only after Kamatari's descendant [[Kujō Yoritsune|Fujiwara no Yoritsune]] became the fourth {{transliteration|ja|[[shōgun]]}} of the [[Kamakura shogunate]] in 1226, some time after the name ''Kamakura'' appears in the historical record.<ref>「『鎌倉』と鎌足」 (''"Kamakura" and Kamatari''), 黒田智 (Kuroda, Satoshi). In Japanese. Paper in ''Kamakura Ibun Kenkyū'', Vol. 3; Tōkyō-dō Shuppan, 2002; {{ISBN|978-4-490-20469-8}}
</ref> It used to be also called {{Nihongo|Renpu|鎌府}} (short for {{Nihongo|Kamakura Shogunate|鎌倉幕府|Kamakura [[Bakufu]]}}).