Editing Kalat, Balochistan (section)

==History==
{{main article|Khanate of Kalat}}

{{Blockquote|text=It has been known in earlier times as Kalat-i-Seva (from a legendary Hindu king) and Kalat-i Nichari which connects it with the Brahui Speaking tribes of Nichari, which is generally accepted as belonging to the oldest branch of the indigenous [[Brahui people|Brahois]]<ref>E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume 4 By M. Th. Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor Houtsma Page 678</ref>|sign=|source=}} The town of Kalat is said to have been founded by and named Qalat-e Sewa (Sewa's [[Qalat (fortress)|Fort]]), after Sewa, a legendary hero of the then-Hindu [[Brahui people]].<ref name=v>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Sabir Badal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8N1JCgAAQBAJ&dq=rind+lashari+war&pg=PA27 |title=Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore: Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore |date=2013 |publisher=Università di Napoli, "l'Orientale" |pages=68 |language=en}}</ref> 

{{anchor | Kinan | Kinanan}}
'''Six battles of Kikan''' ('''Six battles of Kikanan/Kizkanan'''): The legendary battles of Kinan parallel the [[battle of Thermopylae]], where a small contingent of pastoral Jat warriors defeated a massive Muslim army. Despite facing a vastly superior Muslim military in numbers, training, and weaponry, Jats inflicted a crushing defeat on Arabic invaders, a humiliation so profound it was taken personally by the Muslim Caliph. [[Chach Nama]] reports that during the [[Arab_conquest_of_Sindh|Arab Muslim invasion of Sindh]], the mountain-dwelling brave and agile [[Jats]] of Kikan or Kikanan or Kizkanan,<ref name=invadersinfidel1/> [[Gandava#Kikan|likely present-day]] Kalat,<ref name="Baloch 1978">{{cite book |last1=Baloch |first1=N.A. |editor1-last=Van Donzel |editor1-first=E. |editor2-last=Lewis |editor2-first=B. |editor3-last=Pellat |editor3-first=Ch. |title=The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV (IRAN-KHA) |date=1978 |publisher=E.J. Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=90-04-05745-5 |pages=534–5 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/volume-5/Volume%204/page/533/mode/2up |access-date=8 April 2022 |chapter=ḲANDĀBĪL}}</ref><ref name="Le Strange 1905">{{cite book |last1=Le Strange |first1=Guy |title=The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate: Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem Conquest to the Time of Timur |date=1905 |publisher=Barnes & Noble, Inc. |location=New York |pages=331–2 |url=https://archive.org/details/landsoftheeaster028596mbp/page/330/mode/2up?q=kandabil}}</ref> near [[Bolan Pass]] in [[Balochistan]] summarily defeated invading Arabic Muslim forces of Haras and killed Haras in 662 CE, only a small portion of Muslim forces returned to [[Umayyad Caliphate]]. The impact of Muslim defeat was so significant that for next 20 years each successive caliph made Kikan a special target for attack and sent 6 expeditions of which 5 "failed miserably" and "failed to make any permanent impression" in Sindh.<ref name=invadersinfidel1/> 

{{Blockquote|text="The Bolan Pass was protected by the [[Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim#Jat|brave Jats of Kikan or Kikanan]]. The long-drawn struggle of the Arabs with these powers [Jats] ... marks their [Muslim's] steady but fruitless endeavours to enter India ... The hardy mountaineers [Jats] of these regions, backed by the natural advantage of their hilly country, offered stubborn resistance to the conquerors of the world ... If there had been a history of India written without prejudices and predilections, the heroic deeds of these [Jat] people, who stemmed the tide of Islam for two centuries, would certainly have received the recognition they so richly deserve [emphasis added]".<ref name=invadersinfidel1>Sandeep Balakrishna, 2020, [https://www.google.com.sg/books/edition/Invaders_and_Infidels_Book_1/lzALEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=jat+of+kikan+or+kikanan&pg=PT26&printsec=frontcover Invaders and Infidels (Book 1): From Sindh to Delhi: The 500-year journey of Islamic invasion], [[Bloomsbury Publishing]].</ref>|sign=|source=}} 

The [[Brahui language|Brahui]] Speaking tribes arrived from east in the Qalat area way before the arrival of Balochi speaking tribes from the west. The [[Brahui people|Brohi]]s established a large kingdom in the 15th century, but it soon declined and the region fell to [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] for a short period. The [[Qalat (princely state)|brahui speaking Khans of Qalat]] were dominant from the 17th century onwards until the arrival of the [[British Raj|British]] in the 19th century. A treaty was signed in 1876 to make Qalat part of the [[British Raj|British Empire]].

In 1947, the Khan of [[Kalat (princely state)|Kalat]] reportedly acceded to the dominion of Pakistan. 
In 1948, Qalat became part of Pakistan when the British withdrew. The last Khan of Qalat was formally removed from power in 1955, but the title is still claimed by his descendants. The current Khan of Qalat is [[Mir Suleman Dawood Jan|Mir Suleman Dawood Khan Ahmadzai]].