Editing Jupiter (section)

== Name and symbol ==
In both the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, Jupiter was named after the chief god of the divine [[Pantheon (religion)|pantheon]]: [[Zeus]] to the Greeks and [[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]] to the Romans.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alexander |first=Rachel |title=Myths, Symbols and Legends of Solar System Bodies |publisher=Springer |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4614-7066-3 |series=The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series |volume=177 |location=New York, NY |pages=141–159 |bibcode=2015msls.book.....A |doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-7067-0}}</ref> The [[International Astronomical Union]] formally adopted the name Jupiter for the planet in 1976 and has since named its newly discovered satellites for the god's lovers, favourites, and descendants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Naming of Astronomical Objects | publisher=International Astronomical Union | url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming/ | access-date=March 23, 2022 | archive-date=October 31, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031154417/https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The [[planetary symbol]] for Jupiter, [[File:Jupiter symbol (fixed width).svg|16px|♃]], descends from a Greek [[zeta]] with a [[Scribal abbreviation#Forms|horizontal stroke]], {{angbr|Ƶ}}, as an abbreviation for ''Zeus''.<ref name=jones-1999>{{cite book| title = Astronomical papyri from Oxyrhynchus| last = Jones| first = Alexander| date = 1999| pages = 62–63| publisher = American Philosophical Society| isbn = 978-0-87169-233-7| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8MokzymQ43IC| quote = It is now possible to trace the medieval symbols for at least four of the five planets to forms that occur in some of the latest papyrus horoscopes ([ [[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|P.Oxy.]] ] 4272, 4274, 4275 [...]). That for Jupiter is an obvious monogram derived from the initial letter of the Greek name.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| title=The origin of the symbols of the planets| last=Maunder | first=A. S. D. | author-link=Annie S. D. Maunder| journal=The Observatory| volume=57 | pages=238–247| date=August 1934 | bibcode=1934Obs....57..238M }}</ref>

In Latin, ''Iovis'' is the [[genitive case]] of ''[[Iuppiter]]'', i.e. Jupiter. It is associated with the etymology of ''Zeus'' ('sky father'). The English equivalent, ''Jove'', is known to have come into use as a poetic name for the planet around the 14th century.<ref>{{cite web | title=Jove | first=Douglas | last=Harper | work=Online Etymology Dictionary | url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/jove | access-date=March 22, 2022 | archive-date=March 23, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323021235/https://www.etymonline.com/word/jove | url-status=live }}</ref>

'''Jovian''' is the [[Adjective|adjectival]] form of Jupiter. The older adjectival form ''jovial'', employed by astrologers in the [[Middle Ages]], has come to mean 'happy' or 'merry', moods ascribed to Jupiter's influence in [[Jupiter (astrology)|astrology]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jovial |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jovial |access-date=July 29, 2007 |work=Dictionary.com |archive-date=February 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216090837/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jovial |url-status=live }}</ref>

The original Greek deity ''Zeus'' supplies the root ''zeno-'', which is used to form some Jupiter-related words, such as ''[[wikt:zenography|zenography]]''.{{refn |group=lower-alpha |See for example: {{cite news |title=IAUC 2844: Jupiter; 1975h |publisher=International Astronomical Union |date=October 1, 1975 |url=http://cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/02800/02844.html |access-date=October 24, 2010}} That particular word has been in use since at least 1966. See: {{cite web |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect?db_key=AST&text=zenographic%20since%20at%20least%201966 |title=Query Results from the Astronomy Database |publisher=Smithsonian/NASA |access-date=July 29, 2007}}}}