Editing June 20 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[451]] &ndash; [[Battle of Chalons]]: [[Flavius Aetius]] battles [[Attila the Hun]]. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
*[[1180]] &ndash; [[Battle of Uji (1180)|First Battle of Uji]], starting the [[Genpei War]] in [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Turnbull|first=Stephen|title=The Gempei War 1180–85: The Great Samurai Civil War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwGGDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT19|access-date=2018-06-21|date=2016-07-28|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781472813862|page=19}}</ref>
*[[1295]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Anagni]], an attempt mediated by the papacy to end the [[War of the Sicilian Vespers]], is signed by the [[crown of Aragon]], the [[kingdom of France]] and [[kingdom of Naples]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yun |first=Bee |date=2008 |title=Ptolemy of Lucca — a Pioneer of Civic Republicanism? A Reassessment |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26224029 |journal=History of Political Thought |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=417–439 |jstor=26224029 |issn=0143-781X}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1622]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Höchst]] takes place during the  [[Thirty Years' War]].
*[[1631]] &ndash; The [[Sack of Baltimore]]: The Irish village of [[Baltimore, County Cork|Baltimore]] is attacked by [[Barbary slave trade]]rs.
*[[1652]] &ndash; [[Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha]] is appointed [[Grand Vizier]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
*[[1685]] &ndash; [[Monmouth Rebellion]]: [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth]] declares himself King of England at [[Bridgwater]].
*[[1756]] &ndash; A [[British Empire|British]] [[garrison]] is imprisoned in the [[Black Hole of Calcutta]].
*[[1782]] &ndash; The [[Congress of the Confederation|U.S. Congress]] adopts the [[Great Seal of the United States]].
*[[1787]] &ndash; [[Oliver Ellsworth]] moves at the [[Federal Convention]] to call the government the 'United States'.
*[[1789]] &ndash; [[Deputy (legislator)|Deputies]] of the [[History of France|French]] [[Estates-General of 1789|Third Estate]] take the [[Tennis Court Oath]].
*[[1791]] &ndash; King [[Louis XVI]], disguised as a valet, and the French royal family attempt to [[Flight to Varennes|flee Paris]] during the French Revolution.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Eca, Publication|year=1989|page=765|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref> 
*[[1819]] &ndash; The U.S. vessel {{SS|Savannah}} arrives at [[Liverpool]], United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], although most of the journey is made under sail.
*[[1837]] &ndash; King [[William IV]] dies, and is succeeded by his niece, [[Queen Victoria|Victoria]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Queen Victoria: The woman who redefined Britain's monarchy |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/teach/ks3-gcse-history-queen-victoria-monarchy/z73rnrd |website=BBC |access-date=16 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1840]] &ndash; [[Samuel Morse]] receives the patent for the [[telegraph]].
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[Barbu Catargiu]], the [[Prime Minister of Romania]], is assassinated.
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[West Virginia]] is admitted as the 35th [[U.S. state]].
*[[1877]] &ndash; [[Alexander Graham Bell]] installs the world's first commercial [[telephone]] service in [[Hamilton, Ontario]], Canada.
*[[1893]] &ndash; [[Lizzie Borden]] is acquitted of the murders of her father and stepmother.
*[[1895]] &ndash; The [[Kiel Canal]], crossing the base of the [[Jutland]] peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Boxer Rebellion]]: The [[Imperial Chinese Army]] begins a [[Siege of the International Legations|55-day siege]] of the [[Beijing Legation Quarter|Legation Quarter]] in Beijing, China.
*  1900   &ndash; Baron [[Eduard Toll]], leader of the [[Russian polar expedition of 1900–02|Russian Polar Expedition of 1900]], departs [[Saint Petersburg]] in Russia on the explorer ship ''[[Zarya (polar ship)|Zarya]]'', never to return.

===1901–present===
*[[1921]] &ndash; Workers of [[Buckingham and Carnatic Mills]] in the city of [[Chennai]], India, begin a [[1921 Buckingham and Carnatic Mills Strike|four-month strike]].
*[[1926]] &ndash; The [[28th International Eucharistic Congress]] begins in [[Chicago]], with over 250,000 spectators attending the opening procession.<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 25, 2019|title=XXVIII International Eucharistic Congress - When 800,000 People Prayed at Mundelein|url=https://usml.edu/xxviii-international-eucharistic-congress-when-800000-people-prayed-at-mundelein/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217020250/https://usml.edu/xxviii-international-eucharistic-congress-when-800000-people-prayed-at-mundelein/|archive-date=February 17, 2020|access-date=March 1, 2021|website=[[University of Saint Mary of the Lake]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: [[Kazimierz Piechowski]] and three others, dressed as members of the [[SS-Totenkopfverbände]], steal an [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] staff car and escape from the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; The [[Detroit race riot of 1943|Detroit race riot]] breaks out and continues for three more days.
*  1943   &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Royal Air Force]] launches [[Operation Bellicose]], the first [[shuttle bombing]] raid of the war. [[Avro Lancaster]] bombers damage the [[V-2 rocket]] production facilities at the [[Luftschiffbau Zeppelin|Zeppelin Works]] while en route to an air base in Algeria.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Battle of the Philippine Sea]] concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot".
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: During the [[Continuation War]], the [[Soviet Union]] demands unconditional surrender from Finland during the beginning of partially successful [[Vyborg&ndash;Petrozavodsk Offensive]]. The Finnish government refuses.
*  1944   &ndash; The experimental [[MW 18014]] [[V-2 rocket]] reaches an altitude of 176&nbsp;km, becoming the first man-made object to reach outer space. 
*[[1945]] &ndash; The [[United States Secretary of State]] approves the transfer of [[Wernher von Braun]] and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to the U.S. under [[Operation Paperclip]].
*[[1948]] &ndash; The [[Deutsche Mark]] is introduced in Western [[Allied-occupied Germany]]. The [[Soviet Military Administration in Germany]] responded by imposing the [[Berlin Blockade]] four days later.
*[[1956]] &ndash; A [[Venezuela]]n [[Lockheed Constellation|Super-Constellation]] [[Linea Aeropostal Venezolana Flight 253 (June 1956)|crashes]] in the Atlantic Ocean off [[Asbury Park, New Jersey]], killing 74 people.<!--Resulted in plane design regulations-->
*[[1959]] &ndash; [[1959 Escuminac disaster|A rare June hurricane]] strikes Canada's [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]] killing 35.
*[[1960]] &ndash; The [[Mali Federation]] gains independence from France (it later splits into [[Mali]] and [[Senegal]]).
*[[1963]] &ndash; Following the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], the Soviet Union and the United States sign an agreement to establish the so-called "[[Moscow–Washington hotline|red telephone]]" link between [[Washington, D.C.]], and [[Moscow]].
*[[1964]] &ndash; A [[Curtiss C-46 Commando]] [[Civil Air Transport Flight 106|crashes]] in the [[Shengang District]] of Taiwan, killing 57 people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Curtiss C-46D-10-CU Commando B-908 San-Chiao |url=https://www.asndata.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19640620-0 |access-date=2022-06-19 |website=aviation-safety.net |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127044812/https://www.asndata.aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19640620-0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[1972]] &ndash; [[Watergate scandal]]: An {{frac|18|1|2}}-minute gap appears in the [[Nixon White House tapes|tape recording of the conversations]] between U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]] and his advisers regarding the recent arrests of his operatives while breaking into the [[Watergate complex]].
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Sniper]]s fire upon left-wing [[Peronism|Peronists]] in [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina, in what is known as the [[Ezeiza massacre]]. At least 13 are killed and more than 300 are injured.
*  1973   &ndash; [[Aeroméxico Flight 229]] crashes on approach to [[Licenciado Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport]], killing all 27 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19730620-1|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-15 XA-SOC Puerto Vallarta Airport (PVR)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-07-25}}</ref>
*[[1975]] &ndash; The film ''[[Jaws (film)|Jaws]]'' is released in the United States, becoming the highest-grossing film of that time and starting the trend of films known as "[[Blockbuster (entertainment)|summer blockbusters]]".
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] correspondent [[Bill Stewart (journalist)|Bill Stewart]] is shot dead by a Nicaraguan [[National Guard (Nicaragua)|National Guard]] soldier under the regime of [[Anastasio Somoza Debayle]] during the [[Nicaraguan Revolution]]. The murder is caught on tape and sparks an international outcry against the regime.
*[[1982]] &ndash; The [[International Conference on the Holocaust and Genocide]] opens in [[Tel Aviv]], despite attempts by the Turkish government to cancel it, as it included presentations on the [[Armenian genocide]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ben Aharon |first1=Eldad |title=A Unique Denial: Israel's Foreign Policy and the Armenian Genocide |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |date=2015 |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=638–654 |doi=10.1080/13530194.2015.1043514|s2cid=218602513 }}</ref>
*  1982   &ndash; The Argentine [[Corbeta Uruguay base]] on [[Southern Thule]] surrenders to Royal Marine commandos in the final action of the [[Falklands War]].
*[[1988]] &ndash; Haitian president [[Leslie Manigat]] is ousted from power in a [[June 1988 Haitian coup d'état|coup d'état]] led by Lieutenant General [[Henri Namphy]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/06/20/military-stages-coup-in-haiti/5a844958-5df8-4639-892f-4609979af4c3/|title=Military Stages Coup In Haiti|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|author=James Rupert|date=20 June 1988|access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Asteroid]] [[5261 Eureka|Eureka]] is discovered.
*  1990   &ndash; The 7.4 {{M|w}} [[1990 Manjil–Rudbar earthquake|Manjil–Rudbar earthquake]] affects northern [[Iran]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of X (''Extreme''), killing 35,000–50,000, and injuring 60,000–105,000.
*[[1991]] &ndash; The [[Bundestag|German Bundestag]] [[Decision on the Capital of Germany|votes]] to move seat of government from the former [[West Germany|West German]] capital of [[Bonn]] to the present capital of [[Berlin]].
*[[1994]] &ndash; The [[1994 Imam Reza shrine bomb explosion]] in [[Iran]] leaves at least 25 dead and 70 to 300 injured.
*[[1996]] &#x2013; [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] launches on [[STS-78]] to conduct life science and microgravity research aboard the [[Spacelab]] module.<ref name="Evans part 1">{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Ben |date=June 18, 2016 |title='Man, I'm Here': 20 Years Since the Record-Setting Mission of STS-78 (Part 1) |url=https://www.americaspace.com/2016/06/18/man-im-here-20-years-since-the-record-setting-mission-of-sts-78-part-1/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |website=AmericaSpace}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; The [[Wikimedia Foundation]] is founded in [[St. Petersburg, Florida]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Jimmy Wales|author-link=Jimmy Wales|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-June/010743.html |title=Announcing Wikimedia Foundation|date=June 20, 2003|publisher=[[mail:wikipedia-l]]|access-date=November 26, 2012}}</ref>
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[RusAir Flight 9605]] crashes in [[Besovets]] during approach to [[Petrozavodsk Airport]], killing 47.<ref name="avherald">{{cite news |date=20 June 2011 |title=Crash: Rusair T134 at Petrozavodsk on Jun 20th 2011, impacted road short of runway |work=The Aviation Herald |url=http://www.avherald.com/h?article=43e7c1b7&opt=0 |access-date=21 June 2011}}</ref>
*[[2019]] &ndash; Iran's [[Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force|Air Defense Forces]] [[2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone|shoot down an American surveillance drone]] over the [[Strait of Hormuz]] amid [[Iran–United States relations#Escalation in tensions|rising tensions between the two countries]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Factbox: The Global Hawk drone shot down by Iran|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-iran-usa-factbox/factbox-the-global-hawk-drone-shot-down-by-iran-idUSKCN1TL29K|access-date=24 December 2022|work=Reuters|date=June 20, 2019}}</ref>
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