Editing July 30 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[762]] &ndash; [[Baghdad]] is founded.
*[[1419]] &ndash; [[First Defenestration of Prague]]: A crowd of radical [[Hussites]] kill seven members of the [[Prague]] city council.
*[[1502]] &ndash; [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|Christopher Columbus]] lands at [[Guanaja]] in the [[Bay Islands Department|Bay Islands]] off the coast of [[Honduras]] during his fourth voyage.

===1601–1900===
*[[1609]] &ndash; [[Beaver Wars]]: At [[Fort Ticonderoga|Ticonderoga]] (now [[Crown Point, New York]]), [[Samuel de Champlain]] shoots and kills two [[Iroquois]] chiefs on behalf of his native allies. 
*[[1619]] &ndash; In [[Jamestown, Virginia]], the first Colonial European representative assembly in the Americas, the [[Virginia General Assembly]], convenes for the first time.
*[[1627]] &ndash; [[1627 Gargano earthquake|An earthquake]] kills about 5,000 people in [[Gargano]], [[Italy]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Numerical simulations of the 1627 Gargano Tsunami |url=ftp://ftp.ingv.it/pub/alessio.piatanesi/PAPERS/1997_Perspectives_Tsu_Haz_Red_Hebenstrait.pdf |language=en |publisher=University of Bologna, accessed via ftp.ingv.it|access-date=26 July 2020 |year=1997}}</ref>
*[[1635]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: The [[Siege of Schenkenschans]] begins; [[Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange]], begins the recapture of the strategically important fortress from the [[Spanish Army]].
*[[1645]] &ndash; [[English Civil War]]: [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scottish]] [[Covenanter]] forces under the [[Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven|Earl of Leven]] launch the [[Siege of Hereford]], a remaining [[Cavalier|Royalist]] stronghold.<ref>Rayner, Michael. ''English Battlefields: An Illustrated Encyclopaedia''. Tempus, 2004. p.174</ref>
*[[1656]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Warsaw (1656)|Battle of Warsaw]] ends with a [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]]-[[Brandenburg-Prussia|Brandenburger]] victory over a larger [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Polish-Lithuanian]] force.
*[[1676]] &ndash; [[Nathaniel Bacon (colonist)|Nathaniel Bacon]] issues the "Declaration of the People of Virginia", beginning [[Bacon's Rebellion]] against the rule of Governor [[William Berkeley (governor)|William Berkeley]].
*[[1729]] &ndash; Founding of [[Baltimore|Baltimore, Maryland]]. 
*[[1733]] &ndash; The first [[Freemasonry|Masonic]] [[Grand Lodge]] in the future United States is constituted in [[Massachusetts]]. 
*[[1756]] &ndash; In [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli|Bartolomeo Rastrelli]] presents the newly built [[Catherine Palace]] to [[Elizabeth of Russia|Empress Elizabeth]] and her courtiers.
*[[1811]] &ndash; Father [[Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla]], leader of the [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexican insurgency]], is executed by the Spanish in [[Chihuahua City]], Mexico.
*[[1859]] &ndash; First ascent of [[Grand Combin]], one of the highest summits in the [[Alps]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Indian Wars]]: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including [[Chief Pocatello]] (of the [[Shoshone]])  sign the [[Box Elder Treaty|Treaty of Box Elder]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[Valuev Circular]] banned the publication of religious, educational and training books in [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] in the [[Russian Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Remy |first1=Johannes |title=The Valuev Circular and Censorship of Ukrainian Publications in the Russian Empire (1863-1876): Intention and Practice. |url=https://www.academia.edu/10023082 |website=academia.edu |access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref> 
*[[1864]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of the Crater]]: [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] forces attempt to break [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] lines at [[Siege of Petersburg|Petersburg, Virginia]] by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.
*[[1865]] &ndash; The [[steamboat]] ''[[Brother Jonathan (steamer)|Brother Jonathan]]'' sinks off the coast of [[Crescent City, California]], killing 225 passengers, the deadliest shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. at the time.
*[[1866]] &ndash; Armed Confederate veterans in [[New Orleans riot]] against a meeting of [[Radical Republican]]s, killing 48 people and injuring another 100.
*[[1871]] &ndash; The [[Staten Island Ferry]] ''Westfield'''s boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.

===1901–present===
*[[1912]] &ndash; Japan's [[Emperor Meiji]] dies and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is now known as the [[Emperor Taishō]].
*[[1916]] &ndash; The [[Black Tom explosion]] in New York Harbor kills four and destroys some $20,000,000 worth of military goods.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-01|title=Long: Terrorism's 100th anniversary {{!}} Commentary {{!}} roanoke.com|url=https://roanoke.com/opinion/columns_and_blogs/columns/john_long/long-terrorism-s-th-anniversary/article_4d01bca1-e61e-575c-ad64-41c592e55c63.html|access-date=2021-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501113517/https://roanoke.com/opinion/columns_and_blogs/columns/john_long/long-terrorism-s-th-anniversary/article_4d01bca1-e61e-575c-ad64-41c592e55c63.html|archive-date=May 1, 2021}}</ref>
*[[1930]] &ndash; In [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] wins the [[1930 FIFA World Cup|first FIFA World Cup]] by beating [[Argentina]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ferguson |first1=Rosalind |title=Book of Days: A miscellany of popular antiquities in connection with the calendar |date=2004 |publisher=[[Chambers (publisher)|Chambers]] |isbn=0550100830 |page=367}}</ref> 
*[[1932]] &ndash; Premiere of [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Flowers and Trees]]'',<ref>{{cite book|last1=Merritt|first1=Russell|last2=Kaufman|first2=J.B.|title=Walt Disney's Silly Symphonies: A Companion to the Classic Cartoon Series|location=Glendale, Calif.|publisher=Disney Editions|year=2016|isbn=9781484751329|pages=112–113}}</ref> the first cartoon short to use [[Technicolor]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Robertson|first=Patrick|title=Robertson's Book of Firsts|location=London|publisher=Bloomsbury|date=2011|isbn=9781608197385|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TEEaCrPiWsC|page=67}}</ref> and the first [[Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film|Academy Award]] winning cartoon short.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wasko|first=Janet|title=Understanding Disney: The Manufacture of Fantasy|location=Malden, Mass.|publisher=Blackwell|date=2001|isbn=9780745614830|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQfk_5oMrCcC|page=1933}}</ref>
*[[1945]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: {{warship|Japanese submarine|I-58|1943|6}} sinks the {{USS|Indianapolis|CA-35|6}}, killing 883 seamen. Most die during the following four days, until an aircraft notices the survivors.
*[[1956]] &ndash; A [[joint resolution]] of the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] is signed by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], authorizing ''[[In God We Trust]]'' as the U.S. national [[motto]].
*[[1962]] &ndash; The [[Trans-Canada Highway]], the then longest national highway in the world, is officially opened.
*[[1965]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] signs the [[Social Security Act of 1965]] into law, establishing [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Medicaid]]. 
*[[1966]] &ndash; [[England national football team|England]] defeats [[Germany national football team|West Germany]] to win the [[1966 FIFA World Cup]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]] after [[extra time]].
*[[1969]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: US President [[Richard Nixon]] makes an unscheduled visit to [[South Vietnam]] and meets with President [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]] and U.S. military commanders. 
*[[1971]] &ndash; [[Apollo program]]: On [[Apollo 15]], [[David Scott]] and [[James Irwin]] in the [[Apollo Lunar Module]] ''Falcon'' land on the [[Moon]] with the first [[Lunar Roving Vehicle|Lunar Rover]].
*  1971   &ndash; An [[All Nippon Airways]] [[Boeing]] 727 and a [[Japan Air Self-Defense Force|Japanese Air Force]] [[North American F-86 Sabre|F-86]] [[All Nippon Airways Flight 58|collide]] over [[Morioka, Iwate]], Japan killing 162.
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Watergate scandal]]: U.S. President Richard Nixon releases subpoenaed [[White House]] recordings after being ordered to do so by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].
*[[1975]] &ndash; [[Jimmy Hoffa]] disappears from the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in [[Bloomfield Hills, Michigan]], a suburb of [[Detroit]], at about 2:30&nbsp;p.m. He is never seen or heard from again.
*[[1978]] &ndash; The [[730 (transport)|730]]: [[Okinawa Prefecture]] changes its traffic on the [[Right- and left-hand traffic|right-hand side of the road to the left-hand side]].
*[[1980]] &ndash; [[Vanuatu]] gains independence.
*  1980   &ndash; Israel's [[Knesset]] passes the [[Jerusalem Law]].
*[[1981]] &ndash; As many as 50,000 demonstrators, mostly women and children, took to the streets in [[Łódź]] to [[Summer 1981 hunger demonstrations in Poland|protest]] food ration shortages in [[People's Republic of Poland|Communist Poland]].
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Ian Gow]], Conservative Member of Parliament, is assassinated at his home by the [[Irish Republican Army|IRA]] in a car bombing after he assured the group that the British government would never surrender to them.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1990-07-31-9003040280-story.html|title=Car Bomb Kills Thatcher Ally; Ira Suspected|website=[[Chicago Tribune]] |date=31 July 1990 }}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; In Mexico, the last 'old style' [[Volkswagen Beetle]] rolls off the [[assembly line]].
*  2003   &ndash; Three years after the death the last [[Pyrenean ibex]], Celia, a [[cloning|clone]] of her is born only to subsequently die from lung defects. Within minutes, the Pyrenean ibex becomes the first and so-far only species to have ever gone [[de-extinct]] as well as go extinct twice.<ref>{{cite journal| title = First birth of an animal from an extinct subspecies (''Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica'') by cloning | journal = Theriogenology | year = 2009 | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = 1026–1034 | doi = 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.11.005 | pmid=19167744| last1 = Folch | first1 = J. | last2 = Cocero | first2 = M.J. | last3 = Chesné | first3 = P. | last4 = Alabart | first4 = J.L. | last5 = Domínguez | first5 = V. | last6 = Cognié | first6 = Y. | last7 = Roche | first7 = A. | last8 = Fernández-Árias | first8 = A. | last9 = Martí | first9 = J.I. | last10 = Sánchez | first10 = P. | last11 = Echegoyen | first11 = E. | last12 = Beckers | first12 = J.F. | last13 = Bonastre | first13 = A. Sánchez | last14 = Vignon | first14 = X. | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zimmer |first1=Carl |author-link1=Carl Zimmer |title=Bringing Them Back to Life |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2013/04/species-revival-bringing-back-extinct-animals/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119031948/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2013/04/species-revival-bringing-back-extinct-animals/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 19, 2017 |website=[[National Geographic Magazine]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |access-date=2 October 2023 |language=en |date=April 2013}}</ref>
*[[2006]] &ndash; The world's longest running music show ''[[Top of the Pops]]'' is broadcast for the last time on [[BBC Two]]. The show had aired for 42 years.
*  2006   &ndash; [[2006 Qana airstrike|An Israeli airstrike]] kills 28 Lebanese civilians, including 16 children.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5228554.stm |work=BBC News |title=Qana makes grim history again |date=July 31, 2006 |access-date=May 22, 2010 |first=Martin |last=Asser |archive-date=May 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503221122/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5228554.stm |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[2011]] &ndash; Marriage of Queen Elizabeth II's eldest granddaughter [[Zara Phillips]] to former rugby union footballer [[Mike Tindall]].
*[[2012]] &ndash; A [[Nellore train fire|train fire]] kills 32 passengers and injures 27 on the [[Tamil Nadu Express]] in [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.
*  2012   &ndash; A [[2012 India blackouts|power grid failure]] in [[Delhi]] leaves more than 300&nbsp;million people without power in northern India.
*[[2014]] &ndash; Twenty killed and 150 are trapped after a [[2014 Malin landslide|landslide in Maharashtra, India]].
*[[2020]] &ndash; NASA's [[Mars 2020]] mission was launched on an [[Atlas V]] rocket from [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral Air Force Station]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/news/8724/nasa-ula-launch-mars-2020-perseverance-rover-mission-to-red-planet/|title=NASA, ULA Launch Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission to Red Planet|publisher=NASA|date=30 July 2020|access-date=2 August 2020}}</ref>
*[[2024]] &ndash; A [[2024 Wayanad landslides|series of landslides]] occurs in [[Kerala]], India, causing over 420 fatalities.<ref name="Death toll">{{Cite web| title=Post-mortems have been conducted on 420 bodies |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/wayanad-landslides-fire-force-ndrf-volunteers-continue-search-operations-124080900226_1.html|access-date=15 August 2024 |website=business-standard|quote=Post-mortems have been conducted on 420 bodies, 178 bodies have been handed over to relatives, and 233 burials have taken place.}}</ref>