Editing July 28 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1364]] &ndash; Troops of the [[Republic of Pisa]] and the [[Republic of Florence]] clash in the [[Battle of Cascina]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Paolo Uccello|author2=Enzo Carli|title=All the Paintings of Paolo Uccello|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nlINAQAAIAAJ|year=1963|publisher=Hawthorn Bookspage=50|isbn=9789050087315}}</ref>
*[[1540]] &ndash; [[Henry VIII of England]] marries his fifth wife, [[Catherine Howard]].<ref name="Thomas Cromwell 1540">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yoevCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA143 |title=Thomas Cromwell: Tudor Minister|first=B. W.|last=Beckingsale|date=17 June 1978|page=143|publisher=Springer|access-date=25 July 2020|via=Google Books|isbn=9781349016648}}</ref>
*[[1571]] &ndash; La Laguna [[encomienda]], known today as the [[Laguna (province)|Laguna]] province in the [[Philippines]], is founded by the Spaniards as one of the oldest encomiendas (provinces) in the country.

===1601–1900===
*[[1635]] &ndash; In the [[Eighty Years' War]], the Spanish capture the strategic Dutch fortress of [[Siege of Schenkenschans|Schenkenschans]].
*[[1656]] &ndash; [[Second Northern War]]: [[Battle of Warsaw (1656)|Battle of Warsaw]] begins.
*[[1778]] &ndash; Constitution of the [[province of Cantabria]] ratified at the Assembly Hall in [[:es:Puente San Miguel (Reocín)|Bárcena la Puente, Reocín, Spain]].
*[[1794]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: [[Maximilien Robespierre]] and [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just]] are executed by [[guillotine]] in [[Paris|Paris, France]].
*[[1808]] &ndash; [[Mahmud II]] became [[Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] and [[Caliph of Islam]].
*[[1809]] &ndash; [[Peninsular War]]: [[Battle of Talavera]]: Sir [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]'s British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force led by [[Joseph Bonaparte]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Viscountess Elizabeth Milbanke Lamb Melbourne|title=Byron's "Corbeau Blanc": The Life and Letters of Lady Melbourne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lSxTHfP5EyEC&pg=PA113|year=1998|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|isbn=978-0-89096-672-3|pages=113}}</ref>
*[[1821]] &ndash; [[José de San Martín]] declares the independence of [[Peru]] from Spain.
*[[1854]] &ndash; {{USS|Constellation|1854}}, the last all-sail warship built by the [[United States Navy]] and now a museum ship in [[Baltimore Harbor]], is commissioned.<ref>{{cite web |title=Constellation II (Sloop-of-War) |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/constellation-ii.html |website=NHHC |publisher=[[Naval History and Heritage Command]], [[United States Navy]]  |date= 9 February 2004 |access-date=25 July 2020}}</ref>
*[[1864]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Ezra Church]]: [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] troops make a third unsuccessful attempt to drive [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] forces from [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]].
*[[1866]] &ndash; At the age of 18, [[Vinnie Ream]] becomes the first and youngest female artist to receive a commission from the United States government for a statue (of [[Abraham Lincoln]]).
*[[1868]] &ndash; The [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|14th Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution]] is certified, establishing [[African American]] citizenship and guaranteeing [[due process]] of law.
*[[1883]] &ndash; A [[1883 Casamicciola earthquake|moderate earthquake]] measuring magnitude 4.3–5.2 strikes the Italian island of [[Ischia]], killing over 2,300 people.<ref name="Carlino">{{cite journal |author1=S. Carlino |author2=E. Cubellis |author3=A. Marturano |title=The catastrophic 1883 earthquake at the island of Ischia (southern Italy): macroseismic data and the role of geological conditions |journal=Natural Hazards |date=2010 |volume=52 |issue=231 |pages=231–247 |doi=10.1007/s11069-009-9367-2|bibcode=2010NatHa..52..231C |hdl=10.1007/s11069-009-9387-y |s2cid=140602189 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
*[[1896]] &ndash; The city of [[Miami]] is incorporated.

===1901–present===
*[[1911]] &ndash; The [[Australasian Antarctic Expedition]] began as the [[SY Aurora|SY ''Aurora'']] departed [[London]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Bryan |first = R. |date = 2011 |title = Ordeal by Ice: Ships of the Antarctic |location = Dobbs Ferry |publisher = Sheridan House |isbn = 978-1-57409-312-4 |page=269}}</ref> 
*[[1914]] &ndash; In the culmination of the [[July Crisis]], [[Austria-Hungary]] declares war on [[Serbia]], igniting [[World War I]].
*[[1915]] &ndash; The United States begins a 19-year [[United States occupation of Haiti|occupation of Haiti]].<ref>{{cite web |title=US Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934 |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/u/us-occupation-of-haiti-1915-1934.html |website=NHHC |publisher=[[Naval History and Heritage Command]], [[United States Navy]] |access-date=25 July 2020 |date=28 April 2015}}</ref> 
*[[1917]] &ndash; The [[Silent Parade]] takes place in [[New York City]], in protest against murders, lynchings, and other violence directed towards [[African Americans]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Woodrow Wilson|title=The Papers of Woodrow Wilson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KkEfAQAAMAAJ|year=1983|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=412|isbn=9780691045085 }}</ref>
*[[1932]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Herbert Hoover]] orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "[[Bonus Army]]" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, D.C.
*[[1935]] &ndash; First flight of the [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress]].
*[[1938]] &ndash; ''[[Hawaii Clipper]]'' disappears between [[Guam]] and [[Manila]] as the first loss of an airliner in trans-Pacific ''[[China Clipper]]'' service.
*[[1939]] &ndash; The [[Sutton Hoo helmet]] is discovered.
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Soviet leader [[Joseph Stalin]] issues [[Order No. 227]]. In response to alarming [[Nazi Germany|German]] advances, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions without orders to do so are to be tried in a military court, with punishment ranging from duty in a [[shtrafbat]] battalion, imprisonment in a [[Gulag]], or execution.
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: [[Bombing of Hamburg in World War II|Operation Gomorrah]]: The Royal Air Force bombs [[Hamburg|Hamburg, Germany]] causing a [[firestorm]] that kills 42,000 German civilians.
*[[1945]] &ndash; A U.S. Army [[North American B-25 Mitchell|B-25]] bomber [[B-25 Empire State Building crash|crashes]] into the 79th floor of the [[Empire State Building]] killing 14 and injuring 26.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Incident to Service |url=https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/2022/12/1/incident-to-service |date=December 2022 |access-date=10 December 2022 |first1=Maximillian |last1=Potter |page=91 |issue=1|volume=65 |issn=0733-8899 |magazine=Vanity Fair}}</ref>
*[[1957]] &ndash; Heavy rain and a mudslide in [[Isahaya, Nagasaki|Isahaya]], western [[Kyushu|Kyushu, Japan]], kills 992.
*[[1960]] &ndash; The German [[Volkswagen Act]] comes into force.
*[[1962]] &ndash; Beginning of the [[8th World Festival of Youth and Students]]<ref>[https://www.kultaomena.com/345? 28. heinäkuuta - 6. elokuuta 1962, Maailman nuorison ja ylioppilaiden maailmankonferenssi 1962]</ref><ref>[https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2006/09/08/nuorisofestivaalit-helsingissa-1962 Nuorisofestivaalit Helsingissä 1962, Rauhan ja ystävyyden 8. festivaalit Helsingissä, päättäjäiset (1962) ]</ref>
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in [[South Vietnam]] from 75,000 to 125,000.
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Summer Jam at Watkins Glen]]: Nearly 600,000 people attend a [[rock festival]] at the [[Watkins Glen International]] Raceway.
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Spetsgruppa A]], Russia's elite special force, was formed.
*[[1976]] &ndash; The [[1976 Tangshan earthquake|Tangshan earthquake]]<ref>{{cite book |title=The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976, Volume Four |date=2020 |publisher=Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology |url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/26539/1/Tangshan/Volume4.0_front_matter.pdf |access-date=25 July 2020 |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128134409/https://authors.library.caltech.edu/26539/1/Tangshan/Volume4.0_front_matter.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 [[moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] flattens [[Tangshan]] in the People's Republic of China, killing 242,769 and injuring 164,851.
*[[1984]] &ndash; [[Olympic Games]]: [[1984 Summer Olympics|Games of the XXIII Olympiad]]: The summer Olympics were opened in [[Los Angeles]]. 
*[[1996]] &ndash; The remains of a [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] man are discovered near [[Kennewick, Washington]]. Such remains will be known as the [[Kennewick Man]].
*[[2001]] &ndash; Australian [[Ian Thorpe]] becomes the first swimmer to win six gold medals at a single World Championship meeting.
*[[2002]] &ndash; Nine [[Coal mining|coal mine]]rs trapped in the flooded [[Quecreek Mine Rescue|Quecreek Mine]] in [[Somerset County, Pennsylvania]], are rescued after 77 hours underground.
*  2002   &ndash; [[Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9560]] crashes after takeoff from [[Sheremetyevo International Airport]] in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]], killing 14 of the 16 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20020728-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-86 RA-86060 Moskva-Sheremetyevo Airport (SVO)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] calls an end to its thirty-year-long armed campaign against British rule in [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Timeline: McGuinness and the Queen |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-26919992 |work=BBC News |access-date=26 July 2020 |date=8 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Brian |first1=Lavery |last2=Cowell |first2=Alan |title=I.R.A. Renounces Violence in Potentially Profound Shift |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/28/international/ira-renounces-violence-in-potentially-profound-shift.html |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=28 July 2005}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; [[Airblue Flight 202]] crashes into the [[Margalla Hills]] north of [[Islamabad|Islamabad, Pakistan]], killing all 152 people aboard. It is the deadliest aviation accident in Pakistan history and the first involving an [[Airbus A321]].
*[[2011]] &ndash; While flying from [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] to [[Shanghai]], [[China]], [[Asiana Airlines Flight 991]] develops an in-flight fire in the cargo hold. The [[Boeing 747-400|Boeing 747-400F]] freighter attempts to divert to [[Jeju International Airport]], but crashes into the sea South-West of [[Jeju Island|Jeju island]], killing both crew members on board.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/29/world/asia/29crash.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/29/world/asia/29crash.html |archive-date=2022-01-03 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=2 Die as Asiana Cargo Plane Crashes Off South Korea|last=Sang-Hun|first=Choe|date=2011-07-28|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-03-05|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], [[Nawaz Sharif]] was disqualified from office for life by [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] after finding him guilty of [[Panama Papers case (Pakistan)|corruption charges]].
*[[2018]] &ndash; Australian [[Wendy Tuck]] becomes the first female [[Skipper (boating)|skipper]] to win the [[Clipper Round the World Yacht Race]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/jul/28/australia-wendy-tuck-wins-clipper-round-the-world-race | title= Australia's Wendy Tuck wins Clipper Round the World yacht race | publisher= The Guardian Sport News|date=2018-07-28|access-date=2018-07-31}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; [[2022 Eastern Kentucky floods|Catastrophic floods]] devastate [[Eastern Kentucky]], resulting in 45 fatalities and causing damage to thousands of homes and businesses. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wymt.com/2024/07/28/remembering-july-2022-flood-two-years-later/ | title=Remembering the July 2022 flood, two years later | date=28 July 2024 }}</ref>