Editing July 27 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1054]] &ndash; [[Siward, Earl of Northumbria]], invades Scotland and defeats [[Macbeth, King of Scotland]], somewhere north of the [[Firth of Forth]]. This is known as the [[Battle of Dunsinane]].
*[[1189]] &ndash; [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Friedrich Barbarossa]] arrives at [[Niš]], the capital of [[Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)|Serbian King]] [[Stefan Nemanja]], during the [[Third Crusade]].
*[[1202]] &ndash; [[Georgian–Seljuk wars]]: At the [[Battle of Basian]] the [[Kingdom of Georgia]] defeats the [[Sultanate of Rum]].
*[[1214]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bouvines]]: [[Philip II of France]] decisively defeats [[Holy Roman Empire|Imperial]], [[Kingdom of England|English]] and [[County of Flanders|Flemish]] armies, effectively ending [[John, King of England|John of England]]'s [[Angevin Empire]].
*[[1299]] &ndash; According to [[Edward Gibbon]], [[Osman I]] invades the territory of [[Nicomedia]] for the first time, usually considered to be the founding day of the [[Ottoman state]].
*[[1302]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bapheus]]: Decisive [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] victory over the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] opening up [[Bithynia]] for Turkish conquest.
*[[1549]] &ndash; The [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit]] priest [[Francis Xavier]]'s ship reaches Japan.

===1601–1900===
*[[1663]] &ndash; The [[Parliament of England|English Parliament]] passes the [[Navigation Acts#The Navigation Acts|second Navigation Act]] requiring that all goods bound for the [[Thirteen Colonies|American colonies]] have to be sent in English ships from English ports. After the [[Acts of Union 1707]], Scotland would be included in the Act.
*[[1689]] &ndash; [[Glorious Revolution]]: The [[Battle of Killiecrankie]] is a victory for the Jacobites.<ref>{{cite book|author=Jeremy Black|title=European Warfare, 1660-1815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PtyfhCBdPOEC&pg=PA107|year=1994|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-85728-173-6|pages=107}}</ref>
*[[1694]] &ndash; A [[Royal charter]] is granted to the [[Bank of England]].
*[[1714]] &ndash; The [[Great Northern War]]: The first significant victory of the [[Russian Navy]] in the [[Battle of Gangut|naval battle of Gangut]] against the [[Swedish Navy]] near the [[Hanko Peninsula]].<ref>[http://www.neva.ru/EXPO96/book/chap2-2.html Vyborg and Gangut] in [http://www.neva.ru/EXPO96/book/book-cont.html History of Russian Navy]</ref>
*[[1775]] &ndash; Founding of the [[Army Medical Department (United States)|U.S. Army Medical Department]]:  The [[Second Continental Congress]] passes legislation establishing "an hospital for [[Continental Army|an army]] consisting of 20,000 men."  
*[[1778]] &ndash; [[American Revolution]]: [[Battle of Ushant (1778)|First Battle of Ushant]]: [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] and French fleets fight to a standoff.
*[[1789]] &ndash; The first U.S. [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] agency, the [[United States Department of State#History|Department of Foreign Affairs]], is established (it will be later renamed [[United States Department of State|Department of State]]).
*[[1794]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: [[Maximilien Robespierre]] is [[Thermidorian Reaction|arrested]] after encouraging the execution of more than 17,000 "enemies of the Revolution".
*[[1816]] &ndash; Seminole Wars: The [[Battle of Negro Fort]] ends when a hot shot cannonball fired by US Navy Gunboat No. 154 explodes the fort's Powder Magazine, killing approximately 275. It is considered the deadliest single cannon shot in US history.
*[[1857]] &ndash; Indian Rebellion: Sixty-eight men [[Siege of Arrah|hold out for eight days]] against a force of 2,500 to 3,000 mutinying sepoys and 8,000 irregular forces.
*[[1865]] &ndash; [[Y Wladfa|Welsh settlers]] arrive at [[Chubut River|Chubut]] in [[Argentina]].
*[[1866]] &ndash; The first permanent [[transatlantic telegraph cable]] is successfully completed, stretching from [[Valentia Island]], Ireland, to [[Heart's Content, Newfoundland and Labrador|Heart's Content]], [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]].
*[[1880]] &ndash; [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]: [[Battle of Maiwand]]: [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] forces led by [[Mohammad Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)|Mohammad Ayub Khan]] defeat the British Army in battle near [[Maiwand]], [[Afghanistan]].
*[[1890]] &ndash; [[Vincent van Gogh]] shoots himself and dies two days later.
*[[1900]] &ndash; Kaiser [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm&nbsp;II]] makes a [[Hun speech|speech]] comparing Germans to Huns;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Röhl |first=John C. G. |title=Wilhelm II: Into the Abyss of War and Exile, 1900–1941 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2017 |isbn=9781107544192 |pages=73–95 |chapter=The Boxer Rebellion and the Baghdad railway |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139046275 |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139046275.006}}</ref> for years afterwards, "Hun" would be a disparaging name for Germans.
===1901–present===
*[[1917]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] reach the [[Yser|Yser Canal]] at the [[Battle of Passchendaele]].
*[[1919]] &ndash; The [[Chicago race riot of 1919|Chicago Race Riot]] erupts after a racial incident occurred on a [[South Side, Chicago|South Side]] beach, leading to 38 fatalities and 537 injuries over a five-day period.
*[[1921]] &ndash; Researchers at the [[University of Toronto]], led by [[biochemist]] [[Frederick Banting]], prove that the [[hormone]] [[insulin]] regulates [[blood sugar]].
*[[1929]] &ndash; The [[Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)|Geneva Convention of 1929]], dealing with treatment of prisoners-of-war, is signed by 53 nations.
*[[1940]] &ndash; The animated short ''[[A Wild Hare]]'' is released, introducing the character of [[Bugs Bunny]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Barrier|first=Michael|authorlink=Michael Barrier|title=Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age|location=Oxford, UK|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2003|isbn=9780195167290|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zDJXnzMh7bkC|page=361}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] forces [[First Battle of El Alamein|successfully halt]] the final [[Axis powers|Axis]] advance into Egypt.
*[[1947]] &ndash; In Vatican City, Rome, [[canonization]] of [[Catherine Labouré]], the saint whose apparitions of the Virgin Mary originated the worldwide diffusion of the Miraculous Medal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catholicsaints.info/tag/canonized-in-1947/|title = Canonized in 1947}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/it/homilies.index.html|title = Omelie &#124; PIO XII}}</ref>
*[[1949]] &ndash; Initial flight of the [[de Havilland Comet]], the first jet-powered airliner.
*[[1953]] &ndash; Cessation of hostilities is achieved in the [[Korean War]] when the United States, China, and North Korea [[Korean Armistice Agreement|sign an armistice agreement]]. [[Syngman Rhee]], [[President of South Korea]], refuses to sign but pledges to observe the armistice.
*[[1955]] &ndash; The [[Austrian State Treaty]] restores Austrian sovereignty.
*  1955   &ndash; [[El Al Flight 402]] is shot down by two fighter jets after straying into Bulgarian air space. All 58 people on board are killed.
*[[1959]] &ndash; The [[Continental League]] is announced as baseball's "third major league" in the United States.
*[[1963]] &ndash; The [[Puijo tower|Puijo observation tower]] is opened to the general public at [[Puijo Hill]] in [[Kuopio|Kuopio, Finland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.savonsanomat.fi/paikalliset/3059999|title=Muistatko vielä nämä tapaukset?|first=Helena|last=Korpela|work=[[Savon Sanomat]]|date=2013-07-27|access-date=2021-11-22|language=fi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hs.fi/ihmiset/art-2000002662687.html|title=Puijon torni avataan tämän kuun 27. pnä (HS helsingin sanomat 50 vuotta sitten 21 heinäkuuta 1963)|work=[[Helsingin Sanomat]]|date=2013-07-21|access-date=2021-11-22|language=fi}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: Five thousand more American military advisers are sent to [[South Vietnam]] bringing the total number of United States forces in [[Vietnam]] to 21,000.
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Watergate scandal]]: The [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|Judiciary Committee]] votes 27 to 11 [[Impeachment process against Richard Nixon|to recommend]] the first [[Article of impeachment|article]] of [[Federal impeachment in the United States|impeachment]] (for [[obstruction of justice]]) against [[President of the United States|President]] [[Richard Nixon]].
*[[1975]] &ndash; [[Mayor of Jaffna]] and former MP [[Alfred Duraiappah]] is shot dead.
*[[1981]] &ndash; While landing at [[Chihuahua International Airport]], [[Aeromexico Flight 230]] [[Runway excursion|overshoots the runway]]. Thirty-two of the 66 passengers and crew on board the [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|DC-9]] are killed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19810727-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 XA-DEN Chihuahua-Gen Fierro Villalobos Airport (CUU)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-07-25}}</ref>
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Black July]]: Eighteen [[Sri Lankan Tamil people|Tamil]] political prisoners at the [[Welikada]] [[Welikada Prison|high security prison]] in [[Colombo]] are [[Welikada prison massacre|massacred]] by [[Sinhalese people|Sinhalese]] prisoners, the second such massacre in two days.
*[[1989]] &ndash; While attempting to land at [[Tripoli International Airport]] in Libya, [[Korean Air Flight 803]] crashes just short of the runway. Seventy-five of the 199 passengers and crew and four people on the ground are killed, in the second accident involving a [[DC-10]] in less than two weeks, the first being [[United Airlines Flight 232]].
*[[1990]] &ndash; The [[Supreme Soviet]] of the [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic|Belarusian Soviet Republic]] declares independence of [[Belarus]] from the [[Soviet Union]]. Until [[1996]] the day is celebrated as the Independence Day of Belarus; after a [[1996 Belarusian referendum|referendum]] held that year the celebration of [[independence]] is moved to [[June 3]].
*  1990   &ndash; The [[Jamaat al Muslimeen]] [[Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt|attempt a ''coup d'état'']] in [[Trinidad and Tobago]].
*[[1995]] &ndash; The [[Korean War Veterans Memorial]] is dedicated in [[Washington, D.C.]]
*[[1996]] &ndash; In [[Atlanta|Atlanta, United States]], a [[Centennial Olympic Park bombing|pipe bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park]] during the [[1996 Summer Olympics]].
*[[1997]] &ndash; About 50 people are killed in the [[Si Zerrouk massacre]] in [[Algeria]].
*[[2002]] &ndash; [[Sknyliv air show disaster|Ukraine airshow disaster]]: A [[Sukhoi Su-27]] fighter crashes during an air show at [[Lviv]], [[Ukraine]] killing 77 and injuring more than 500 others, making it the deadliest air show disaster in history.
*[[2005]] &ndash; After an incident during [[STS-114]], [[NASA]] grounds the [[Space Shuttle]], pending an investigation of the continuing problem with the shedding of foam insulation from the [[Space Shuttle external tank|external fuel tank]].
*[[2015]] &ndash; At least seven people are killed and many injured after gunmen [[2015 Gurdaspur attack|attack]] an Indian police station in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]].