Editing July 13 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1174]] &ndash; [[William the Lion|William I of Scotland]], a key [[Rebellion|rebel]] in the [[Revolt of 1173–74]], is captured at [[Alnwick]] by forces loyal to [[Henry II of England]].
*[[1249]] &ndash; [[Coronation]] of [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] as [[Kingdom of Scotland|King of Scots]].
*[[1260]] &ndash; The [[Livonian Order]] suffers its greatest defeat in the 13th century in the [[Battle of Durbe]] against the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
*[[1402]] &ndash; [[Nanjing]] surrenders to [[Zhu Di]] without a fight, ending the [[Jingnan campaign]]. The [[Jianwen Emperor]] disappears and his family is incarcerated.<ref>{{cite book |last=Twitchett, Denis |author-link=Denis Twitchett |title= The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368—1644, Part I|year=1998 |page=201 |publisher= Conway |isbn= 978-0521243322}}</ref>
*[[1558]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gravelines (1558)|Battle of Gravelines]]: In France, Spanish forces led by Count [[Lamoral, Count of Egmont|Lamoral of Egmont]] defeat the French forces of Marshal [[Paul de Thermes]] at [[Gravelines]].
*[[1573]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: The [[Siege of Haarlem]] ends after seven months.
*[[1586]] &ndash; [[Anglo–Spanish War (1585)|Anglo–Spanish War]]: A convoy of English ships from the [[Levant Company]] manage to [[Battle of Pantelleria (1586)|repel a fleet]] of eleven Spanish and [[History of Malta under the Order of Saint John|Maltese]] galleys off the Mediterranean island of [[Pantelleria]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bicheno, Hugh |author-link=Hugh Bicheno |title= Elizabeth's Sea Dogs: How England's Mariners Became the Scourge of the Seas|year=2012 |page=223 |publisher= Conway |isbn= 978-1844861743}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1643]] &ndash; [[English Civil War]]: [[Battle of Roundway Down]]: In England, [[Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester]], commanding the [[Cavalier|Royalist]] forces, heavily defeats the [[Roundhead|Parliamentarian]] forces led by Sir [[William Waller]].
*[[1690]] &ndash; [[Nine Years' War]]: French naval forces led by [[Anne Hilarion de Tourville]] fresh from their [[Battle of Beachy Head (1690)|victory at Beachy Head]] sail West and [[Raid on Teignmouth|launch a raid]] on the small English town of Teignmouth leaving it devastated.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hernon |first1=Ian |title=Fortress Britain All the Invasions and Incursions Since 1066 |date=2013 |publisher=History Press |page=143 |isbn=9780752497174}}</ref>
*[[1787]] &ndash; The [[Congress of the Confederation]] enacts the [[Northwest Ordinance]] establishing governing rules for the [[Northwest Territory]]. It also establishes procedures for the admission of new states and limits the expansion of [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]].
*[[1793]] &ndash; Journalist and French revolutionary [[Jean-Paul Marat]] is assassinated in his bathtub by [[Charlotte Corday]], a member of the opposing political faction.  
*[[1794]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Trippstadt]] between French forces and those of [[Prussia]] and Austria begins.
*[[1814]] &ndash; The [[Carabinieri]], the national [[gendarmerie]] of Italy, is established.
*[[1830]] &ndash; The General Assembly's Institution, now the [[Scottish Church College]], one of the pioneering institutions that ushered the [[Bengali Renaissance]], is founded by [[Alexander Duff (missionary)|Alexander Duff]] and Raja [[Ram Mohan Roy]], in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], India.
*[[1831]] &ndash; ''[[Regulamentul Organic]]'', a quasi-constitutional [[organic law]] is adopted in [[Wallachia]], one of the two [[Danubian Principalities]] that were to become the basis of [[Romania]].<ref>[[Constantin C. Giurescu]], ''Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre'', Ed. Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966, p. 123.</ref>
* [[1849]] &ndash; The [[Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion]] began in [[Charleston, South Carolina]], United States.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Strickland |first=Jeffery Glenn |title=All for liberty: the Charleston Workhouse Slave Rebellion of 1849 |date=2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-49259-1 |location=Cambridge (GB)}}</ref>
*[[1854]] &ndash; In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General [[José María Yáñez]] stops the French invasion led by Count [[Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[New York City draft riots]] begin three days of rioting which will later be regarded as the worst in United States history.
*[[1878]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Berlin (1878)|Treaty of Berlin]]: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. [[Serbia]], [[Montenegro]] and [[Romania]] become completely independent of the [[Ottoman Empire]].

===1901–present===
*[[1913]] &ndash; The [[1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak]] during the [[Second Balkan War]] starts.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281820179|title=A novel method to combat the cholera epidemic among the Romanian Army during the Balkan War - 1913|first1=Florin|last1=Leașu|first2=Codruța|last2=Nemeț|first3=Cristina|last3=Borzan|first4=Liliana|last4=Rogozea|journal=Acta medico-historica Adriatica|volume=13|issue=1|pages=159–170|year=2015|pmid=26203545}}</ref>
*[[1919]] &ndash; The British [[airship]] [[R34 (airship)|R34]] lands in [[Norfolk]], England, completing the first airship return journey across the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] in 182 hours of flight.
*[[1930]] &ndash; The [[1930 FIFA World Cup|inaugural]] [[FIFA World Cup]] begins in Uruguay.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The first football World Cup - Uruguay 1930 |url=https://www.footballhistory.org/world-cup/1930-uruguay.html |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.footballhistory.org}}</ref>
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Montenegro|Montenegrins]] begin the ''[[Uprising in Montenegro (1941)|Trinaestojulski ustanak]]'' (Thirteenth of July Uprising), a popular revolt against the [[Axis powers]].
*[[1951]] &ndash; [[Vuoristorata]], one of the oldest still-operating wooden roller coasters in Europe, is opened at the [[Linnanmäki|Linnanmäki amusement park]] in [[Helsinki|Helsinki, Finland]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/jarrumiehiksi_kelpasivat_vain_ilmavoimien_lentajat__linnanmaen_vuoristorata_avattiin_65_vuotta_sitten/9021525 |title=Jarrumiehiksi kelpasivat vain ilmavoimien lentäjät – Linnanmäen vuoristorata avattiin 65 vuotta sitten |last=Rita |first=Mikko |date=2016-07-13 |work=[[Yle]] |language=fi |access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref><ref>''Tieteen kuvalehti'': Historia 11/2014, p. 74. (in Finnish)</ref>
*[[1956]] &ndash; The [[Dartmouth workshop]] is the first conference on [[artificial intelligence]].
*[[1962]] &ndash; In an unprecedented action, British Prime Minister [[Harold Macmillan]] [[Night of the Long Knives (1962)|dismisses seven members of his Cabinet]], marking the effective end of the [[National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)|National Liberals]] as a distinct force within British politics.
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Watergate scandal]]: [[Alexander Butterfield]] reveals the existence of a secret [[Nixon White House tapes|Oval Office taping system]] to investigators for the [[United States Senate Watergate Committee|Senate Watergate Committee]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Kutler|first=Stanley I.|title=Abuse of Power: The New Nixon Tapes|location=New York|publisher=Simon and Schuster|year=1997|isbn=9780684851877|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SyBzl29qbZ0C|page=638|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|last=Latham|first=Aaron|title=There is tape in the Oval Office|work=New York Magazine|date=June 17, 1974|pages=44–45|access-date=July 13, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eugCAAAAMBAJ&q=Buzhardt%20Fred%20Thompson%20Watergate%20document&pg=PA44}}</ref>
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Somalia]] declares war on [[Ethiopia]], starting the [[Ogaden War]].
*  1977   &ndash; New York City: Amidst a period of [[History of New York City (1946–1977)#1970s|financial and social turmoil]] experiences an [[New York City blackout of 1977|electrical blackout]] lasting nearly 24 hours that leads to widespread fires and looting.
*[[1985]] &ndash; The [[Live Aid]] [[benefit concert]] takes place in [[London]] and [[Philadelphia]], as well as other venues such as [[Moscow]] and [[Sydney]].
*  1985   &ndash; [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[George H. W. Bush]] becomes the [[Acting President of the United States|Acting President for the day]] when President [[Ronald Reagan]] undergoes surgery to remove [[Polyp (medicine)|polyps]] from his [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]].
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Lenin Peak disaster]]: a 6.4-magnitude earthquake in Afghanistan triggers an [[avalanche]] on Lenin Peak, killing 43 climbers in the deadliest mountaineering disaster in history.<ref name="USGS">{{cite web |title=M 6.4 - 50 km S of Jurm, Afghanistan |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp0004bt0/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=[[U.S. Geological Survey]] |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref>
*[[1995]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']] is launched on [[STS-70]] to deploy the [[TDRS-7]] satellite.<ref name="JSR">{{cite web |last=McDowell |first=Jonathan |title=Launch Log |url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |accessdate=9 August 2009 |publisher=Jonathan's Space Page}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; French [[Directorate-General for External Security|DGSE]] personnel abort [[Opération 14 juillet|an operation]] to rescue [[Íngrid Betancourt]] from [[FARC]] rebels in [[Colombia]], causing a political scandal when details are leaked to the press.
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Battle of Wanat]] begins when [[Taliban]] and [[al-Qaeda]] guerrillas attack US Army and [[Afghan National Army]] troops in [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan]]. The U.S. deaths were, at that time, the most in a single battle since the beginning of [[Operation Enduring Freedom|operations in 2001]].
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Mumbai]] is rocked by [[2011 Mumbai bombings|three bomb blasts]] during the evening rush hour, killing 26 and injuring 130.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-14|title=Mumbai bomb blasts kill 21 during city's rush hour|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/13/mumbai-bomb-blasts-india|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
*  2011   &ndash; [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 1999]] is adopted, which admits [[South Sudan]] to member status of United Nations.
*[[2013]] &ndash; [[Typhoon Soulik (2013)|Typhoon Soulik]] kills at least nine people and affects more than 160&nbsp;million in [[East China]] and [[Taiwan]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2013-07-13|title=Typhoon Soulik makes landfall in Taiwan|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-23297338|access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref>
* [[2014]] &ndash; [[Germany national football team|Germany]] wins the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]] defeating [[Argentina national football team|Argentina]] in the [[2014 FIFA World Cup final|final]] following a 1-0 win after extra time.<ref>{{cite web|date=2014-07-13|title=Germany 1-0 Argentina (aet)|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/28181689|access-date=2023-09-10|website=BBC|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2016]] &ndash; [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] [[David Cameron]] resigns, and is succeeded by [[Theresa May]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-24|title=David Cameron resigns after UK votes to leave European Union|url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jun/24/david-cameron-resigns-after-uk-votes-to-leave-european-union|access-date=2021-07-13|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; [[Death of Naya Rivera|After a five-day search]], the body of American actress and singer [[Naya Rivera]] is recovered from [[Lake Piru]], where she drowned in [[California]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jane Lynch, Chris Colfer and More Hollywood Stars Pay Tribute to Naya Rivera|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jane-lynch-chris-colfer-more-hollywood-stars-pay-tribute-naya-rivera-1302579|access-date=July 13, 2020|website=The Hollywood Reporter|date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714210326/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jane-lynch-chris-colfer-more-hollywood-stars-pay-tribute-naya-rivera-1302579|archive-date=July 14, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2024]] &ndash; [[President of the United States]] [[Donald Trump]] is injured in [[Attempted assassination of Donald Trump in Pennsylvania|an assassination attempt]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-14 |title= What to know about Trump assassination attempt and the investigation into the shooting |url=https://apnews.com/article/trump-rally-shooting-election-violence-ae383dee203d82ddf38d2e76c63a8bc6 |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> while speaking at an election campaign rally near [[Butler, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Trump survives assassination attempt at campaign rally, as it unfolded |url=https://apnews.com/live/election-biden-trump-campaign-updates-07-13-2024 |access-date=2024-07-15|website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>