Editing Juilliard School (section)

==History==
=== Early years: 1905–1946 ===
[[File:Picture of Frank Damrosch.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Frank Damrosch]], founder of the Institute of Musical Art, commonly referred to as the "Damrosch School"{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|page=22}}]]

In 1905, the Institute of Musical Art (IMA), Juilliard's predecessor institution, was founded by [[Frank Damrosch]], a German-American conductor and godson of [[Franz Liszt]], on the premise that the United States did not have a premier music school and too many students were going to Europe to study music.<ref name=Rice>{{cite journal |last1=Rice |first1=Edwin |title=A Tribute to Frank Damrosch (June 22, 1859 – October 22, 1937) |journal=[[The Musical Quarterly]]|date=April 1939 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=128–134 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Chartered by the [[Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York]], the institute became one of first endowed music schools in the US, with significant funding provided by philanthropist and banker [[James Loeb]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Loeb Classical Library: About James Loeb, Founder |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/loeb/founder.html |website=Harvard University Press |access-date=January 26, 2023}}</ref>{{efn|During the first decade of the 20th century, there were over forty [[Music school|conservatories]] in the United States. Unlike in Europe, these schools were privately funded, often relied on tuition or donations, and did not receive funding from the government. In the 1850s and 1860s, [[George Peabody]] had provided significant funding and endowment for the [[Peabody Institute]] (Peabody Conservatory of Music) in Baltimore. This funding included an initial gift of $300,000 and over $1,000,000 donated over twelve years. In 1905, [[James Loeb]] provided the Institute of Musical Art with an endowment of $500,000, the largest single, one-time endowment gift for a music school until that time.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Gandre|first=James|title=And Then There Were Seven: An Historical Case Study of The Seven Independent American Conservatories of the Music that Survived the Twentieth Century|type=PhD dissertation|date=November 2001|publisher=[[University of Nebraska–Lincoln]]|url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI3028657/|page=26}}</ref>}}

Damrosch and Loeb's mission was to establish a musical institution with high standards of teaching and learning that would incorporate a unified pedagogy and develop a "true musical culture among all classes".{{efn|Damrosch visited several European conservatories to learn about their pedagogy and administration and observed that many lacked discipline or unified instruction. Damrosch wanted to form a school that trained musicians in the technicalities of their instruments and provided a comprehensive musical education with mandatory courses.<ref name=Gottlieb>{{cite journal|last=Gottlieb|first=Jane|title=The Juilliard School Library and Its Special Collections|journal= Notes|date=September 1999|volume=56|issue=1|page=12|doi=10.2307/900470|jstor=900470}}</ref>}} Accordingly, the school would rely on its endowment to ensure the quality of instruction was independent of students' financial status.{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=7–29}}

[[File:Institute of Musical Art, Claremont Ave. & 122nd St. LCCN97506440.tif|right|thumb|Institute of Musical Art at 120 [[Claremont Avenue]] in Manhattan]]

The Institute of Musical Art opened in the former Lenox Mansion, [[Fifth Avenue]] and 12th Street, on October 11, 1905. When the school opened, most teachers were European; however, only Americans were allowed to study at the institute.{{efn|Members of the original faculty included notable figures such as members of the internationally known [[Kneisel Quartet]], [[Sigismund Stojowski]], [[Etelka Gerster]], [[George Henschel|Georg Henschel]], [[Georges Barrère]], [[Gaston Dethier]] and [[Percy Goetschius]]. The school offered courses in voice culture, ear training, sight-singing, chorus, stringed instruments, organ, theory and composition, orchestral instruments, languages (French, German, Italian), and pedagogy. Walter Damrosch conducted the orchestra and chorus and taught sight-singing, ear training, and pedagogy courses.<ref name=Rice />{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=25–26, 80}}}} Although orchestras were exclusively male, women made up most of the student population. The school had 467 students in the first year, but the enrollment soon doubled in size over the following years.{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=29–57, 80}} Five years after its inception, the institute moved to 120 [[Claremont Avenue]] in the [[Morningside Heights]] neighborhood of Manhattan onto a property purchased from [[Bloomingdale Insane Asylum]] near the [[Columbia University]] campus.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://morningsideheights.org/historic-district/historical-significance|title = Historical Significance|access-date = October 21, 2014|website = morningsideheights.org|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140222060520/http://morningsideheights.org/historic-district/historical-significance|archive-date = February 22, 2014|url-status = dead|df = mdy-all}}</ref>

[[File:John Erskine crop.jpg|left|thumb|upright|[[Columbia University]] English professor and first president of Juilliard, [[John Erskine (educator)|John Erskine]]]]

In 1919, a wealthy textile merchant named [[Augustus D. Juilliard]] died and left a vast sum of money for the advancement of music in his will, which set up the Juilliard Musical Foundation (JMF) a year later as one of its primary beneficiaries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gives $5,000,000 to Advance Music; Will of A. D. Juilliard Provides Aid for Worthy Students and for Entertainment. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1919/06/27/archives/gives-5000000-to-advance-music-will-of-a-d-juilliard-provides-aid.html |access-date=January 25, 2023|newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 27, 1919}}</ref> Under [[Eugene Allen Noble|Eugene Noble]] as executive secretary, the foundation purchased the [[Vanderbilt family]] guesthouse at 49 E. [[52nd Street (Manhattan)|52nd Street]], and established a separate new music school, the Juilliard Graduate School (JGS), in 1924.{{efn|The Juilliard Graduate School's first faculty members included well-known individuals like [[Ernst von Dohnányi]], [[George Enescu]], [[Rubin Goldmark]], [[Paul Kochanski]], [[Josef Lhévinne|Josef Lhevinne]], [[César Thomson]], [[Felix Salmond]], [[Olga Samaroff]] and [[Marcella Sembrich]]. The school only offered fellowships to select students. However, it did not have a charter until 1930 and was not officially a graduate school. Further, the press heavily criticized the Juilliard Musical Foundation and Eugene Noble for mismanagement of its large endowment, arbitrary policies, and excessive interference in the school.{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=58–95}}<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Music: Charges |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,729552,00.html |access-date=January 26, 2023|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=October 11, 1926}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.juilliard.edu/journal/2009-2010/1003/articles/time-capsule.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804184615/http://www.juilliard.edu/journal/2009-2010/1003/articles/time-capsule.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 4, 2012 |title=Time Capsule |first=Jeni |last=Dahmus |work=The Juilliard Journal Online |date=March 2010 |access-date=March 25, 2010}}</ref>

After much discussion, the Juilliard School of Music was eventually created in 1926 through a merger of the Institute and the Graduate School. The JGS moved from E 52nd Street to 130 Claremont Avenue next to the IMA in 1931.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rachmaninoff Performs at Opening of Claremont Avenue Building (1931); Opera Premieres Chabrier's "The Reluctant King" (1976) |url=http://journal.juilliard.edu/journal/rachmaninoff-performs-opening-claremont-avenue-building-1931-opera-premieres-chabriers |website=Juilliard Journal |date=November 14, 2012 |access-date=January 26, 2023}}</ref> The two schools had the same board of directors and president but maintained their distinct identities.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dahmus Farah|first=Jeni|title=Time Capsule from the Juilliard Archives: The Claremont Avenue Campus|url=https://www.juilliard.edu/news/146336/time-capsule-juilliard-archives|website=Juilliard Journal|date=April 30, 2020|access-date=January 26, 2023}}</ref> [[Columbia University]] Professor [[John Erskine (educator)|John Erskine]] became the first president of the two institutions (1928–1937).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Core Curriculum, Faculty Profiles: John Erskine |url=https://www.college.columbia.edu/core/oasis/profiles/erskine.php |website=Columbia College |access-date=January 26, 2023}}</ref> [[Frank Damrosch]] continued as the institute's dean, and the Australian pianist and composer [[Ernest Hutcheson]] was appointed dean of the Graduate School. Hutcheson later served as president from 1937 to 1945.{{efn|Under Ernest Hutcheson, the Juilliard Graduate School developed a strings orchestra and opera program that [[Albert Stoessel]] directed. Several students would go on to perform lead roles at the [[Metropolitan Opera]]. The Graduate School attempted to influence the Met and developed the Metropolitan Popular Season that showcased modern American works, but its influence only lasted a few years.{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=123–141}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Time Capsule from the Juilliard Archives: A 1936 Ravel Premiere |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/news/139241/time-capsule-juilliard-archives |access-date=January 27, 2023 |publisher=Juilliard Journal |date=April 29, 2019}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Ernest Hutcheson: 1871–1951 |url=https://www.portrait.gov.au/people/ernest-hutcheson-1871 |publisher=[[National Portrait Gallery (Australia)]]|access-date=January 26, 2023 |location=Parkes, Canberra, ACT, Australia}}</ref>

=== Expansion and growth: 1946–1990 ===
Juilliard's third president, [[William Schuman]], an American composer and the first [[Pulitzer Prize for Music]] winner, led the school from 1945 to 1961 and brought about several significant changes to raise the school's academic standards. In 1946, Schuman completely consolidated the Institute of Musical Art and the Juilliard Graduate School to form a single institution and created the [[Juilliard String Quartet]] as the school's main quartet-in-residence.<ref>{{cite web |last1=May |first1=Thomas |title=The Juilliard String Quartet Remains at the Nexus of Continuity and Change as it Celebrates Its 75th Anniversary |url=https://stringsmagazine.com/juilliard-string-quartet-celebrates-75th-anniversary/ |website=Strings Magazine |date=December 3, 2021 |access-date=January 27, 2023}}</ref>{{efn|William Schuman, a graduate from [[Teachers College, Columbia University|Columbia's Teachers College]] (BS 1935, MA 1937), attended the Juilliard Summer School in 1932, 1933 and 1936. While attending Juilliard Summer School, he developed a personal dislike for traditional music theory and ear training curricula, finding little value in [[counterpoint]] and [[Ear training|dictation]]. When Schuman became president, he brought several new teachers to the school, including violinist [[Ivan Galamian]], pianist [[Beveridge Webster]], cellist [[Leonard Rose]], and conductor [[Jean Paul Morel|Jean Morel]].{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=142–158}}}} During his tenure, Schuman cut down enrollment by more than half, eliminated the Juilliard Summer School and Music Education Program,{{efn|The school had about 1,400 students in 1945, which decreased to 600 students at the end of Schuman's tenure in 1961. After World War II, more than 500 were supported by the [[G.I. Bill]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1946-09-26 |title=Juilliard Enrolls 1,800: Record Matriculation Includes 500 Veterans Under GI Bill |page=41|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/107597968 |access-date=2022-09-12 |id={{ProQuest|107597968}} |via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wise |first1=Brian |title=Polisi's Biography of Schuman Is Published |url=http://journal.juilliard.edu/journal/polisis-biography-schuman-published |website=Juilliard Journal |date=June 13, 2012 |access-date=February 1, 2023}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite book |title=The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia |edition=6th |chapter=The Juilliard School |url=https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/social-science/education/college-us/juilliard-school-the|via=Infoplease.com|access-date=April 22, 2021}}</ref> and opened Juilliard's admission to non-Americans.{{efn|The Juilliard Graduate School previously allowed students from Australia to enter the school since the former president Ernest Hutcheson was from Australia. In 1946, about 52 international students enrolled in Juilliard, making up 2 percent of the student population. The two most represented countries were Canada and Australia. In 1950, the percentage of international was 8.5 percent, with many students coming from Israel. Later Japanese and Korean students would make up the most significant portion of internationals.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Polisi |first1=Joseph |title=The Artist as Citizen |date=2005 |publisher=Amadeus Press |location=Pompton Plains, New Jersey|page=68 |isbn=9781574671032 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xa5pp8ScvxwC&dq=William+Schuman+allows+non-Americans+to+study+at+Juilliard&pg=PA68 |access-date=January 28, 2023}}</ref>}}

Schuman discontinued the Theory Department and initiated a new curriculum called the ''Literature and Materials of Music'' (L&M), which began in 1947–1948, and was based on the assumption that musical theory education "should transfer theoretical knowledge into practical performance." Designed for composers to teach, the more practical-orientated curriculum would provide an overview of the "literature of music". L&M was a reaction against more formal theory and ear training, and as a result did not have a formal structure and allowed for more flexibility.{{efn|The general mandate was "to give the student an awareness of the dynamic nature of the materials of music". The quality and degree of each student's education in harmony, music history, or ear training depended on how each composer-teacher decided to interpret this mandate. In the first couple of years, students from all musical backgrounds would study together and obtain a general survey of music materials and literature. Later years would focus on the literature specific to one's musical instrument or area of study.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Schuman|first=William|author-link=William Schuman|title=On Teaching the Literature and Materials of Music |journal=[[The Musical Quarterly]]|date=April 1948 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=155–168|publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/mq/XXXIV.2.155 |jstor=739302}}</ref>}}

Schuman established the school's Dance Department under [[Martha Hill]]'s direction in 1951, intending that students in the program would receive an education in [[dance]], [[choreography]], and music.<ref name="BriefHistory" />{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=205–206}} The department, later renamed the Dance Division, offered performance opportunities through the Juilliard Dance Theatre (1954–1958) and later the Juilliard Dance Ensemble (founded {{Circa|1960}}), which often collaborated with the Juilliard Orchestra. For many years, the Juilliard Dance Department shared facilities with the [[School of American Ballet]].{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=194–215}}

In 1957, after two years of deliberation, the Juilliard School of Music board announced that the school would relocate from upper Manhattan to the future [[Lincoln Center]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Schonberg |first=Harold C.|author-link=Harold C. Schonberg|date=1957-02-07 |title=Juilliard to Move to Lincoln Sq. and Add Training in the Drama |page=1 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/114170325 |access-date=2022-09-12 |id={{ProQuest|114170325}} |via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> The Lincoln Center would cover the costs for the construction project, but the school would have to instruct exclusively advanced students, introduce a drama program and cut its Preparatory School.{{efn|The committee that created the [[Lincoln Center]], which included [[Charles Spofford]] and [[John D. Rockefeller III]], wanted to have an educational center at the Lincoln Center. The committee looked at several possibilities, including the Juilliard School of Music, [[Columbia University]], and [[New York University]], but did not consider the [[Mannes College of Music]] or [[Manhattan School of Music]]. The main requirement was that the school should focus on professional and advanced training for performance.{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=176–178}}}} Juilliard's new building at Lincoln Center would be designed by [[Pietro Belluschi]] with associates [[Eduardo Catalano]] and Helge Westermann.<ref name=":0" /> The Juilliard School building at Lincoln Center was completed on October 26, 1969, officially opening with a dedication ceremony and concert.{{efn|The opening ceremony included a concert at [[Alice Tully Hall]] (built into the Juilliard School) with the Juilliard Orchestra under [[Leopold Stokowski]] and [[Jean Paul Morel]], and with soloists [[Itzhak Perlman]], [[Shirley Verrett]], and [[Van Cliburn]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gent |first=George |date=1969-10-27 |title=Juilliard School Dedication Marks Completion of Lincoln Center; The Juilliard School Is Dedicated |page=1|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/10/27/archives/juilliard-school-dedication-marks-completion-of-lincoln-center-the.html |access-date=2022-09-12}}</ref>}}{{efn|The construction of Lincoln Center began in 1959. However, the new Juilliard school building was only completed in 1969, even though it was one of the first structures to be included in the design of Lincoln Center. Many factors contributed to this delay, such as the complexity of the building (with soundproof rooms and various-sized rooms having to be fit together), excessive engineering and material costs, and land disputes. The total cost of Lincoln Center amounted to $185 million, of which nearly $30 million was for the new Juilliard school complex.{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=179–184}}}} With Lincoln Center's prestige came a newly elevated status for the Juilliard School.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Knight |first1=Gladys |title=Pop Culture Places: An Encyclopedia of Places in American Popular Culture |date=August 11, 2014 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara, California|page=467}}</ref>{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|page=171}}
[[File:Juilliard School at the Lincoln Center in 1969.jpeg|left|thumb|250px|The Juilliard School at the [[Lincoln Center]] as initially opened in 1969]]

William Schuman assumed the presidency of Lincoln Center in 1962 and composer [[Peter Mennin]] succeeded him.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parmenter |first=Ross|author-link=Ross Parmenter|date=1962-06-11 |title=Composer Named Juilliard's Head; Peter Mennin to Lead Music School into Arts Center|page=1|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1962/06/11/archives/composer-named-juilliards-head-peter-mennin-to-lead-music-school.html |access-date=2022-09-12}}</ref> Mennin made substantial changes to the L&M program—ending ear training and music history, adding performances and composition in class, and hiring the well-known pedagogue [[Renée Longy]] to teach [[solfège]]. Mennin organized several new programs, such as Juilliard's Master Class Program and Doctoral Music Program.{{efn|Mennin additionally started the American Opera Center, Conductors' Training Program, Contemporary Music Festival, Playwrights' Program and the Theater Center. Mennin brought several notable composers to teach at Juilliard, including [[Roger Sessions]], [[Elliott Carter]] and [[David Diamond (composer)|David Diamond]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Mennin |url=https://www.kennedy-center.org/artists/m/ma-mn/peter-mennin/ |publisher=[[The Kennedy Center]]|access-date=January 31, 2023}}</ref>}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Juilliard Head Peter Mennin Is Dead at 60 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1983/06/19/juilliard-head-peter-mennin-is-dead-at-60/266fae6f-0e71-43d6-8a22-6fcfe7de0439/ |access-date=January 31, 2023 |agency=The Washington Post |date=June 19, 1983}}</ref> Under Mennin, Juilliard's international reputation grew as several alumni won competitive international competitions.{{efn|Notable alumni, who won competitive international and national competitions and led international careers in the 1960s and 1970s, include [[Itzhak Perlman]], [[Yo-Yo Ma]], [[Leontyne Price]], [[Kyung Wha Chung]], and [[Pinchas Zukerman]], among others.}} In the 1950s, the school received international attention when alumnus [[Van Cliburn]] won the [[International Tchaikovsky Competition]].{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=252–253}}

In 1968, Mennin hired [[John Houseman]] to manage the new Drama Division as director and [[Michel Saint-Denis]] as associate director and consultant.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Calta |first1=Louis |title=Juilliard Class Gives 18 to New Troupe|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/04/archives/juilliard-class-gives-18-to-new-troupe.html |access-date=February 2, 2023|date=August 4, 1972}}</ref> The School's name was changed to The Juilliard School to reflect its broadened mission to educate musicians, dancers, directors, and actors.<ref name="BriefHistory">{{cite web |date=2021 |title=A Brief History |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/school/brief-history |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=The Juilliard School}}</ref> The drama department first only trained actors, of which the first class graduated as Group 1 in 1972, but added playwrights and directors programs in the 1990s.{{sfn|Olmstead|1999|pages=228, 236–237}} Houseman founded [[The Acting Company]] in 1972, which allowed Juilliard students to perform and tour throughout the country.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Mission |url=https://theactingcompany.org/history-and-mission |website=The Acting Company |access-date=February 2, 2023}}</ref> Also in 1972, [[Lila Acheson Wallace]] donated $5 million to Juilliard, which later named the Lila Acheson Wallace American Playwrights Program after her.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hughes |first1=Allen |title=Mrs. DeWitt Wallace Donates $5-Million to Juilliard|newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/24/archives/mrs-dewitt-wallace-donates-5million-to-juilliard.html |access-date=February 7, 2023|date=May 24, 1972}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PlaywritingArtist DiplomaApplication & Audition Requirements |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/arm/drama/college/playwriting/artist-diploma |website=Juilliard |access-date=February 7, 2023}}</ref>

=== Modernization: 1990–2020 ===
Juilliard's longest-serving president [[Joseph W. Polisi]] (1984–2017), helped the school modernize by developing educational outreach, formalizing and expanding its music programs, establishing interdisciplinary programs and reforming the school's finances.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wieland Howe|first=Sondra|title=Juilliard: A History (review)|journal= Notes|date=March 2001 |volume=57 |issue=3|pages=662–663|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/7/article/24781/summary|access-date=August 30, 2024|doi=10.1353/not.2001.0029}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dahmus |first1=Jeni |title=The Juilliard School Archives, New York |journal=Music in Art |date=Spring–Fall 2001 |volume=26 |issue=1/2 |pages=163–172 |jstor=41818673}}</ref> In 1991, Polisi founded the Music Advancement Program (MAP) to help underrepresented students affected by [[music education]] budget cuts throughout [[New York City Department of Education|public schools in New York]].{{efn|That year, 40 students from across Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx successfully auditioned and were chosen to participate in the program. Like the pre-college division, it is a Saturday program.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Program Overview – Music Advancement Program |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/school/preparatory-division/music-advancement-program/program-overview |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=The Juilliard School}}</ref>}} Between 1990 and 1993, individual departments for all instruments and voice were established, the Meredith Wilson Residence Hall was built next to the school, salaries for teachers were increased, and the school hoped to accept fewer people and eventually cut 100 students to allow for more funding.<ref name=Grimes>{{Cite news |last=Grimes |first=William|author-link=William Grimes (journalist)|date=1993-07-02 |title=Too Many Musicians? An Overhaul at Juilliard |page=1|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/02/arts/too-many-musicians-overhaul-juilliard-special-report-new-juilliard-for-more.html |access-date=2022-09-12 |via=[[ProQuest]]}}</ref> In 2001, the school established a [[jazz]] performance training program.<ref name=Ratliff>{{cite news|last=Ratliff|first=Ben|author-link=Ben Ratliff|title=Juilliard School to Introduce a Jazz Studies Program |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/26/arts/juilliard-school-to-introduce-a-jazz-studies-program.html |access-date=February 4, 2023|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=April 26, 2000}}</ref>

By the end of the 20th century, Juilliard had established itself as a prestigious performing arts school. At the time, graduates comprised approximately 20 percent of the [[Big Five (orchestras)|Big Five]] American Orchestras and half of the [[New York Philharmonic]]. Juilliard's endowment nearly tripled over the 1980s, reaching a quarter billion in the mid-1990s. Despite high tuition, on average, over 90 percent of accepted students ended up attending the school.<ref name=Grimes /><ref>{{cite web |title=Endowment funds of the 120 institutions of higher education with the largest amounts: Fiscal year 1993 |url=https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d95/dtab346.asp |website=National Center for Education Statistics |publisher=U.S. Department of Education |access-date=April 18, 2023 |date=1993}}</ref> In 1999, the Juilliard School was awarded the [[National Medal of Arts]] and became the first educational institution to receive the award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html#99 |title=Lifetime Honors: National Medal of Arts |publisher=[[National Endowment for the Arts]] |access-date=March 25, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721054307/http://www.nea.gov/honors/medals/medalists_year.html#86 |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juilliard 1984–2018, The Pelosi Years |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/polisi-years-timeline-34-years |website=Juilliard |access-date=April 18, 2023}}</ref>

In September 2005, [[Colin Davis]] conducted an orchestra that combined students from the Juilliard and London's [[Royal Academy of Music]] at the BBC [[The Proms|Proms]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hall |first1=George |title=Juilliard/ORAM/Davis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/sep/05/classicalmusicandopera.proms20051 |access-date=February 4, 2023 |agency=The Guardian |date=September 4, 2005}}</ref> and during 2008 the Juilliard Orchestra embarked on a successful tour of China, performing concerts as part of the [[Olympiad#Cultural Olympiad|Cultural Olympiad]] in Beijing, [[Suzhou, Jiangsu|Suzhou]], and Shanghai under the expert leadership of Maestro [[Xian Zhang (conductor)|Xian Zhang]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A relationship of note |url=http://en.chinaculture.org/a/202202/25/WS62182833a310cdd39bc88cca_5.html |website=China Culture |access-date=February 4, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Snyder |first1=Ross |title=10 Days in China |url=http://journal.juilliard.edu/journal/10-days-china |website=Juilliard Journal |access-date=February 4, 2023 |date=September 2008}}</ref>

The school has received various gifts and donations since the 2000s. {{Anchor|Manuscript collection}}In 2006, Juilliard obtained a trove of precious music manuscripts from board chair and philanthropist [[Bruce Kovner]] that make up the Juilliard Manuscript Collection.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wakin |first1=Daniel |title=Juilliard Receives Music Manuscript Collection|newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 2006 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/01/arts/music/juilliard-receives-music-manuscript-collection.html |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref> Philanthropist [[James S. Marcus]] donated $10 million to the school to establish the Ellen and James S. Marcus Institute for Vocal Arts at the school in 2010.<ref name="WQXR">{{cite news|url=http://www.wqxr.org/#!/story/remembering-james-s-marcus/|title=Remembering James S. Marcus|first=Fred |last=Plotkin |work=[[WQXR-FM|WQXR Online]] |date=July 7, 2015}}</ref> In 2014, Kovner gave $60 million for the Kovner Fellowship Program to provide expenses for exceptionally gifted students.<ref>{{cite web |title=Juilliard School Receives $60 Million for Classical Music Fellowship Program |url=https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/juilliard-school-receives-60-million-for-classical-music-fellowship-program |website=Philanthropy News Digest |access-date=February 3, 2023 |date=October 11, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kovner Fellowship Program: About the Program |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/campus-life/tuition-financial-aid/scholarships-loans-and-grants/kovner-fellowship-program |website=Juilliard |access-date=February 7, 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Tianjin Juilliard School.jpg|thumb|[[Tianjin Juilliard School]]]]
On September 28, 2015, the Juilliard School announced a major expansion into [[Tianjin]] during a visit by China's first lady, [[Peng Liyuan]], the institution's first such full-scale foray outside the United States.<ref name=JuillardTianjin>{{cite news|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/juilliards-china-plans-move-forward/|title=Juilliard's China Plans Move Forward|first=Michael |last=Cooper |newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 28, 2015|access-date=February 3, 2016}}</ref> The school opened in 2020 and offers a [[Master of Music]] degree program.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Tianjin Juilliard School Campus Formally Dedicated on Tuesday, October 26, 2021|url=http://www.tianjinjuilliard.edu.cn/index.php/news/2021/10/tianjin-juilliard-school-campus-formally-dedicated-tuesday-october-26-2021|access-date=January 23, 2022|website=The Tianjin Juilliard School|date=October 26, 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nietzel |first=Michael T. |date=2021-02-21 |title=Juilliard Goes To China |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeltnietzel/2021/02/21/juilliard-goes-to-china/?sh=325363227c8f |access-date=2022-09-12}}</ref>

In May 2017, retired [[New York City Ballet]] principal dancer [[Damian Woetzel]] was named president, replacing Joseph W. Polisi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/10/arts/music/juilliard-names-damian-woetzel-as-its-new-president.html|title=Juilliard Names Damian Woetzel as Its New President|date=May 10, 2017 |first=Michael |last=Cooper|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=May 10, 2017}}</ref> From March 2020 through the spring 2021 semester, the school switched to online classes and suspended live performances in response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Woetzel |first1=Domian |title=Juilliard Announces Operational Changes in Response to COVID-19 |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/news/146071/juilliard-announces-operational-changes-response-covid-19 |website=Juilliard |access-date=February 6, 2023 |date=March 12, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Wild |first1=Stephi |title=Juilliard Announces Spring 2022 Performances |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Juilliard-Announces-Spring-2022-Performances-20211215 |access-date=February 6, 2023 |publisher=Broadway World |date=December 15, 2021}}</ref>

=== Post-pandemic: 2020–present ===
In June 2021, members of the student group ''The Socialist Penguins'' organized a protest against rising tuition costs after claiming that they "weren't being listened to" when meeting with president and provost about the tuition fees.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chang |first=Richard J. |date=2021-06-29 |title=Juilliard Students Stage First-Ever Protest Against Tuition Hikes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardjchang/2021/06/29/juilliard-students-stage-first-ever-protest-against-tuition-hikes/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gersten |first1=Jennifer |date=2021-06-11 |title=Inside the Unprecedented Protests Erupting at Juilliard |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/inside-unprecedented-protests-erupting-juilliard-211517084.html |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=[[Yahoo]]}}</ref> In September, the school's Evening Division was renamed to Juilliard Extension which would broaden to offer programs in person and online.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-19 |title=Juilliard's Flagship Continuing Education Program, The Evening Division, Undergoes Expansion; Renamed Juilliard Extension |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/news/150376/juilliards-flagship-continuing-education-program-evening-division-undergoes-expansion |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=The Juilliard School}}</ref> In December of the same year, a $50 million gift was given to the school's Music Advancement Program to help students of underrepresented backgrounds.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernández |first=Javier C. |date=2022-12-16 |title=$50 Million Gift to Juilliard Targets Racial Disparities in Music|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/16/arts/music/juilliard-racial-disparities-gift.html |access-date=2022-09-12}}</ref>