Editing John Wayne (section)

==Early life==
[[File:John Wayne birthplace.jpg|thumb|The house in [[Winterset, Iowa]], where Wayne was born]]
Wayne was born Marion Robert Morrison<!--Please do not change without reading Talk page regarding Wayne's actual real name.--> on May 26, 1907, at 224 South Second Street in [[Winterset, Iowa]].<ref>Madison County, Iowa, birth certificate.</ref><!--Please do not change to Waterloo, Iowa, due to Michele Bachmann's erroneous public statement. Winterset is correct.--> The local paper, ''Winterset Madisonian'', reported on page 4 of the edition of May 30, 1907, that Wayne weighed 13&nbsp;lb (around 6&nbsp;kg) at birth.<ref>{{cite news |title=Personal and social |url=https://winterset.historyarchives.online/viewer?t=30118&i=t&by=1907&bdd=1900&d=05301907-05301907&fn=winterset_madisonian_usa_iowa_winterset_19070530_english_4&df=1&dt=8 |access-date=January 2, 2025 |work=Winterset Madisonian |date=May 30, 1907 |page=4 |location=[[Winterset, Iowa|Winterset]], Iowa |via=Winterset Public Library}}</ref> Wayne claimed his middle name was soon changed from Robert to Michael when his parents decided to name their next son Robert, but extensive research has found no such legal change, although it might have been changed informally or the documentation may have been lost. Wayne's legal name apparently remained Marion Robert Morrison his entire life{{sfn|Roberts|Olson|1995|pp=8–9}}<ref>Wayne, John, ''My Kingdom'', unfinished draft autobiography, University of Texas Library.</ref> although to this day his original name is almost always referred to as Marion Michael Morrison.

Wayne's father, Clyde Leonard Morrison (1884–1937), was the son of Marion Mitchell Morrison (1845–1915), a veteran who'd served in the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] army during the [[American Civil War]]. Wayne's mother, the former Mary "Molly" Alberta Brown (1885–1970), was from [[Lancaster County, Nebraska]]. Wayne had [[Scottish Americans|Scottish]], [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scotch-Irish]], [[English Americans|English]], and [[Irish Americans|Irish]] ancestry.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lX0dAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Clyde+%22Doc%22+Morrison+and+his+wife,+the+former+Mary+Brown%22|title=John Wayne: a tribute|first=Norm|last=Goldstein|page=12|publisher=Holt, Rinehart, and Winston|date=1979|isbn=9780030530210|access-date=June 29, 2020|archive-date=August 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804005854/https://books.google.com/books?id=lX0dAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Clyde+%22Doc%22+Morrison+and+his+wife,+the+former+Mary+Brown%22|url-status=live}}</ref> His great-great-grandfather Robert Morrison (b. 1782) left [[County Antrim]], Ireland, with his mother, arriving in New York in 1799 and eventually settling in [[Adams County, Ohio]]. The Morrisons were originally from the [[Isle of Lewis]] in the [[Outer Hebrides]], Scotland.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dOPU1Zu7gjwC&q=john+wayne+ancestry+robert+morrison+ulster&pg=PA10|title=John Wayne: American|first=Randy|last=Roberts|date=1997|publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=0803289707|access-date=June 29, 2020|archive-date=March 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316114642/https://books.google.com/books?id=dOPU1Zu7gjwC&q=john+wayne+ancestry+robert+morrison+ulster&pg=PA10|url-status=live}}</ref> He was raised [[Presbyterian]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/wayne.htm |title=John Wayne: American |work=WashingtonPost.com |date=May 13, 1997 |access-date=July 30, 2011 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331042726/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/wayne.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Wayne's family moved to [[Palmdale, California]], and then in 1916 to [[Glendale, California|Glendale]] at 404 Isabel Street, where his father worked as a pharmacist. He attended [[Glendale High School (Glendale, California)|Glendale Union High School]], where he performed well in both sports and academics. Wayne was part of his high school's football team and its debating team. He was also the president of the Latin Society and contributed to the school's newspaper sports column.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/04/14/john-wayne-10-surprising-facts/ |title=John Wayne: 10 surprising facts |last=Chilton |first=Martin |date=April 25, 2016 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=October 27, 2017 |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=April 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404003723/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/2016/04/14/john-wayne-10-surprising-facts/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

A local fireman at the station on his route to school in Glendale started calling him "Little Duke" because he never went anywhere without his huge [[Airedale Terrier]], Duke.{{sfn|Roberts|Olson|1995|p=37}}<ref name="Munn">Munn, Michael (2003). ''John Wayne: The Man Behind the Myth''. London: Robson Books. p. 7. {{ISBN|0-451-21244-4}}.</ref> He preferred "Duke" to "Marion", and the nickname stuck. Wayne attended Wilson Middle School in Glendale. As a teen, he worked in an ice-cream shop for a man who [[farrier|shod horses]] for Hollywood studios. He was also active as a member of the [[Order of DeMolay]]. He played football for the 1924 league champion [[Glendale High School (Glendale, California)|Glendale High School]] team.<ref name="glendale">{{cite web |title=A Pictorial History of Glendale High School |publisher=Glendale High School |url=http://www.glendalehigh.com/ghshistory.html |access-date=May 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501221905/http://glendalehigh.com/ghshistory.html |archive-date=May 1, 2012}}</ref>

Wayne applied to the [[United States Naval Academy|U.S. Naval Academy]], but was not accepted due to poor grades. Instead, he attended the [[University of Southern California]] (USC), majoring in [[pre-law]]. He was a member of the [[Trojan Knights]] and [[Sigma Chi]] fraternities.<ref name=davis>{{cite book|author=Ronald L. Davis|title=Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0wbaa9S53QC&pg=PA289|date=May 1, 2001|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-3329-4|access-date=June 27, 2015|archive-date=November 8, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108200940/https://books.google.com/books?id=A0wbaa9S53QC&pg=PA289|url-status=live}}</ref>{{rp|30}} Wayne, who stood {{height|ft=6|in=4+1/2|abbr=no}} tall, also played on the [[USC Trojans football|USC football team]] under coach [[Howard Jones (American football coach)|Howard Jones]]. A broken collarbone injury curtailed his athletic career; Wayne later noted that he was too terrified of Jones' reaction to reveal the actual cause of his injury, a [[bodysurfing]] accident.<ref name="travers">{{cite book |last=Travers |first=Steven |title=USC Trojans: College Football's All-Time Greatest Dynasty |publisher=Taylor Trade Publishing |location=Lanham, MD |page=29 |year=2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XonVHHUcBy8C&q=Gene+Clarke |isbn=978-1589795686 |access-date=June 27, 2015 |archive-date=November 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126093249/https://books.google.com/books?id=XonVHHUcBy8C&q=Gene+Clarke |url-status=live}}</ref> He lost his athletic scholarship, and without funds, had to leave the university.<ref name=jwayne.com>Shephard, Richard. [http://www.jwayne.com/biography.shtml Biography] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108074813/http://www.jwayne.com/biography.shtml |date=November 8, 2017}}. JWayne.com. Retrieved March 11, 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=John Wayne, an American Icon |url=http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html |date=August 1, 2008 |first=Rick |last=Jewell |journal=Trojan Family Magazine |publisher=[[University of Southern California]] |access-date=February 1, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210030155/http://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html |archive-date=February 10, 2012}}</ref>