Editing Jingoism (section)

==Etymology==
The chorus of a song by the songwriter [[G. W. Hunt]],  popularized by the singer [[G. H. MacDermott]] &ndash; which was commonly sung in British [[public house|pubs]] and [[music hall]]s around the time of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–78)| Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78]] &ndash; gave birth to the term.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cyberussr.com/hcunn/q-jingo.html |title="By Jingo": Macdermott's War Song (1878) |publisher=Cyberussr.com |access-date=2012-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.davidkidd.net/20Plevna.html |title=By Jingo |publisher=Davidkidd.net |access-date=2012-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917232549/http://www.davidkidd.net/20Plevna.html |archive-date=17 September 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last= Pears |first=Edwin |author-link= Edwin Pears|year=1916 |title=Forty Years in Constantinople, The Recollections of Sir Edwin Pears 1873–1915 |publisher=Herbert Jenkins Limited |place=London |edition= 1 |page=[https://archive.org/stream/fortyyearsincons00pearuoft#page/26/mode/2up 27] |url=https://archive.org/stream/fortyyearsincons00pearuoft |access-date=10 June 2016 |via= Internet Archive}}</ref> The lyrics included this chorus:

{{quote|<poem>We don't want to fight but ''by Jingo'' if we do
We've got the ships, we've got the men, we've got the money too
We've fought [[Russian Bear|the Bear]] before, and while we're Britons true
The Russians shall not have [[Constantinople]]!</poem>}}

The capture of Constantinople was a long-standing [[Russian Empire|Russian]] strategic aim, since it would have given the Russian Navy, based in the [[Black Sea]], unfettered access to  the [[Mediterranean Sea]] through the [[ Bosphorus]] and the [[Dardanelles]] (known as the "[[Turkish Straits]]"); conversely, the British were determined to block the Russians, in order to protect their own access to [[British Raj|India]]. At the time when the above song was composed and sung, the Russians were nearing their goal, through the [[Treaty of San Stefano]]; eventually, the British were able to push the Russians back by means of diplomatic pressure and the threat of war.

The phrase "[[by Jingo]]" was a [[minced oath]], scarcely documented in writing, used in place of "by [[Jesus]]". The term may derive from Basque Jinkoa: "God".<ref>Online Etymology Dictionary [https://www.etymonline.com/word/jingo]</ref>

Use of the specific term "jingoism" stems from its coinage by prominent British radical [[George Holyoake]], as a political label, in a letter to the ''[[The Daily News (UK)|Daily News]]'' on 13 March 1878.<ref>{{cite book |last=McCarthy |first= Justin |author-link= Justin_McCarthy_(1830–1912) |title= A History of Our Own Times: From the Accession of Queen Victoria to the General Elections of 1880 |publisher=  Chatto & Windus |place= London  |year= 1881 |volume = IV |page=473 |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.210311/2015.210311.A-History#page/n485/mode/2up |access-date= 14 March 2018 |via= Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Holyoake |first= George Jacob |author-link=George Holyoake |title= Sixty Years of An Agitator's Life |year=1892 |publisher= T. Fisher Unwin|place= London |url=https://archive.org/stream/sixtyyearsanagi08holygoog |volume= II|pages= [https://archive.org/stream/sixtyyearsanagi08holygoog#page/n234/mode/2up 216]–218|access-date= 14 March 2018|via= Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Martin |last=Ceadel |title=Semi-detached Idealists: The British Peace Movement and International Relations, 1854–1945 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2000 |page=105 |isbn=0-19-924117-1 }}</ref>