Editing Jim Hines (section)

==Track career==
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Born in [[Dumas, Arkansas]], Hines was raised in [[Oakland, California]], and graduated from [[McClymonds High School]] in 1964. He was a [[baseball]] player in his younger years<ref name="BBC"/> until he was spotted by track coach Jim Coleman as a running talent, and Hines became a sprinter. At the 1968 U.S. national championships in [[Sacramento, California]], Hines became the first man to break the ten second barrier in the 100-metre race, setting 9.9 (manual timing), with an electronic time of 10.03 – two other athletes, [[Ronnie Ray Smith]] behind him (electronic time 10.13) and [[Charles Greene (athlete)|Charles Greene]] on the other semi-final (electronic time 10.09) having the same official clocking. That evening of June 20, 1968, at [[Charles C. Hughes Stadium|Hughes Stadium]] has been dubbed by track and field historians as the "[[Night of Speed]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/news/celebrating-the-night-of-speed |title=Celebrating the Night of Speed |website=iaaf.org |publisher=[[IAAF]] |date=August 23, 2003 |access-date=January 1, 2019}}</ref> Hines attended [[Texas Southern University]] in [[Houston, Texas]]. He was a member of the Texas Southern University Tigers track team.

A few months later, at the [[1968 Summer Olympics]], Hines – a [[Black people|black]] athlete – found himself in a tense situation, with [[Race riot|racial riots]] going on in his home country and a threat of a boycott by the black athletes of the U.S. team, who were disturbed by the controversial idea of admitting [[apartheid]] [[South Africa at the Olympics|South Africa]] to the Games and revelations linking the head of the [[International Olympic Committee]], [[Avery Brundage]], to a racist and [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] country club. Hines reached the 100 m final, and won it with the time 9.89 appearing on the screen, later corrected to 9.95. The 9.89 was taken from a light beam across the finish line, while the official photographic process used [[Polaroid film]] and took a couple of minutes to process and read. There was some controversy over how his (slower appearing) automatic time of 9.95 should compare to the hand timed 9.9 world record (Hines was again recorded at 9.9 in his 9.95 race). Automatic times start instantly with the sound of the gun, while hand times include human reaction time to start the watch. It took until 1977 before [[fully automatic timing]] was required of world records. As the fastest electronic time to that point, Hines' mark was recognized exclusively as a new world record.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf |title=Berlin 2009 Past Results |pages=546–547 |website=iaaf.org |publisher=[[IAAF]] |access-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022172624/http://www.iaaf.org/mm/document/competitions/competition/05/15/63/20090706014834_httppostedfile_p345-688_11303.pdf |archive-date=October 22, 2012 }}</ref> The race was also significant for being the third all-black podium in Olympic history. Hines helped break another world record, when he and his teammates sprinted to the [[4 × 100 metres relay|4 × 100 m relay]] [[Gold medal|gold]] at the same Games.