Editing Jiangxi (section)

==History==
{{main|History of Jiangxi}}
Jiangxi is centered on the [[Gan River]] valley, which historically provided the main north–south transport route of south China. The corridor along the Gan River is one of the few easily traveled routes through the otherwise mountainous and rugged terrain of the south-eastern mountains. This open corridor was the primary route for trade and communication between the [[North China Plain]] and the [[Yangtze River]] valley in the north and the territory of modern [[Guangdong]] province in the south. As a result, Jiangxi has been strategically important throughout much of China's history.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization during the [[Shang dynasty]] (16th to 11th centuries BC). It is likely that peoples collectively known as the [[Baiyue]] inhabited the region. During the [[Spring and Autumn period]], the northern part of modern Jiangxi formed the western frontier of the state of [[Wu (state)|Wu]]. After Wu was conquered by the [[Yue (state)|state of Yue]] (a power based in modern northern [[Zhejiang]]) in 473 BC, the state of [[Chu (state)|Chu]] (based in modern [[Hubei]]) took over northern Jiangxi and there may have been some Yue influence in the south. Chu subjugated Yue in 333 BC. In 223 BC, when [[Qin (state)|Qin]] conquered Chu, a majority of the Jiangxi area was recorded to be put under Jiujiang Commandery situated in [[Shou County|Shouchun]] ({{lang|zh-hant|壽春}}).<ref>http://218.65.88.149:8080/was40/detail?record=1&primarykeyvalue=%E9%A2%98%E5%90%8D%3D%E8%B1%AB%E7%AB%A0%E6%95%85%E9%83%A1&channelid=7274{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> However the commandery was ineffective and ended shortly when Qin falls.

[[Yuzhang Commandery]] ({{lang|zh|豫章}}, Gan: Ì-zong) was established in Jiangxi at the beginning of the [[Han dynasty]], possibly before the death of [[Xiang Yu]] in 202 BC, and it was also the first commandery set up by Chinese dynasty in Jiangxi. It was named after the Yuzhang River ({{lang|zh|豫章江}}, Gan: Ì-zong Kong), the original name of Gan River. "Gan" has become the abbreviation of the province. In 201, eight counties were added to the original seven of Qin,{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} and three more were established in later years. Throughout most of the Han dynasty the commandery's eighteen counties covered most of the modern province of Jiangxi. The county seats of Nanchang, Gan, Yudu, Luling among others were located at the sites of modern major cities. Other counties, however, have been moved or abolished in later centuries.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

Under the reign of [[Emperor Wu of Han|Emperor Wu]] of the [[Han dynasty]], Yuzhang Commandery was assigned to [[Yangzhou Province]], as part of a trend to establish provinces (''[[zhou (political division)|zhou]]'') all across China. In 291 AD, during the [[Western Jin dynasty]], Jiangxi became its own ''Zhou'' called Jiangzhou ({{lang|zh|江州}}, Gan: Kong-chiu). During the [[Southern and Northern Dynasties]], Jiangxi was under the control of the southern dynasties, and the number of ''zhou'' slowly grew.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

During the [[Sui dynasty]], there were seven [[Commandery (China)|commanderies]] and twenty-four counties in Jiangxi. During the [[Tang dynasty]], another commandery and fourteen counties were added. Commanderies were then abolished, becoming ''zhou'' (henceforth translated as "prefectures" rather than "provinces").{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

[[Circuit (administrative division)|Circuits]] were established during the [[Tang dynasty]] as a new top-level administrative division. At first Jiangxi was part of the [[Jiangnan Circuit]] (lit. "Circuit south of the Yangtze"). In 733, this circuit was divided into western and eastern halves. Jiangxi was found in the western half, which was called [[Jiangnanxi Circuit]] (lit. "Western circuits south of the Yangtze"). This is the source of the modern name "Jiangxi".{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

The [[Tang dynasty]] collapsed in 907, heralding the division of the [[Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]] period. Jiangxi first belonged to [[Wu (Ten Kingdoms)|Wu]] ({{lang|zh-hant|吳}}, Gan: Ng), then to [[Southern Tang]] ({{lang|zh|南唐}}, Gan: Nām-thóng). Both states were based in modern-day [[Nanjing]], further down the [[Yangtze River]].{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

During the [[Song dynasty]], Jiangnanxi Circuit was reestablished with nine prefectures and four army districts (with sixty-eight districts).{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

During the [[Yuan dynasty]], the circuit was divided into thirteen different circuits, and Jiangxi Province was established for the first time. This province also included the majority of modern [[Guangdong]]. Jiangxi acquired (more or less) its modern borders during the [[Ming dynasty]] after [[Guangdong]] was separated out. There has been little change to the borders of Jiangxi since.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Jiangxi became one of the earliest bases for the [[Chinese Communist Party|Communists]] and many peasants were recruited to join the growing people's revolution. The [[Nanchang Uprising]] took place in Jiangxi on 1 August, 1927, during the [[Chinese Civil War]]. Later the Communist leadership hid in the mountains of southern and western Jiangxi, hiding from the Kuomintang's attempts to eradicate them. In 1931, the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]]'s government was established in [[Ruijin]], which is sometimes called the "Former Red Capital" ({{lang|zh-hans|红色故都}}, Gan: Fūng-set Kū-tu), or just the "Red Capital". In 1935, after complete encirclement by the Nationalist forces, the Communists broke through and began the [[Long March]] to [[Yan'an]].{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

From 1930 to 1934, the National Government carried out five military campaigns against the Jiangxi Soviet area. Its brutal two-party battles and cleansing (including the internal cleansing of the Red Army and the cleaning of the post-war government) caused a large number of deaths or escapes, causing the population of Jiangxi to drop by 40%, until only 13.8 million people were left in 1936.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

In 1936, after the opening of the [[Guangzhou–Hankou railway|Yuehan Railway]] in Hunan, Jiangxi lost its important position regarding north–south traffic. In 1937, the east-west Zhegan Railway was opened to traffic, which changed the original traffic patterns in Jiangxi to a large extent. The Jiujiang Port ({{lang|zh|九江港}}) began to decline in importance.{{Cn|date=December 2024}}

Following the [[Doolittle Raid]] during [[World War II]], most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The [[Imperial Japanese Army]] began the [[Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign]] to intimidate the Chinese from helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians of China while searching for Doolittle's men.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/|title=The Perilous Fight: America's World War II in Color |website=PBS }}</ref>

Jiangxi came under the full control of the CCP upon the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949. The Republican provincial government was evacuated to [[Taichung]] in [[Taiwan Province]] before dissolving itself that same year.<ref>https://www.culture.taichung.gov.tw/media/827206/文化萬象p53-57.pdf</ref>