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Jethro Tull (agriculturist)
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==Biography== Tull was born, probably in [[Basildon, Berkshire]], to Jethro Tull and his wife Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Buckeridge, of [[Basildon, Berkshire|Basildon]] and Elizabeth, ''née'' Clarke.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/miscellaneagenea4191bann/page/55/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Miscellanea Genealogica |publisher=Archive.org |accessdate=2025-02-18 |page=55 }}</ref> He was baptised at [[Basildon, Berkshire|Basildon]] on 30 March 1674, grew up in [[Bradfield, Berkshire]], and matriculated at [[St John's College, Oxford]], at age 17. He trained for the legal profession, but appears to have not taken a [[academic degree|degree]]. He became a member of [[Staple Inn]] and was called to the bar on 11 December 1693 by the [[bencher]]s of [[Gray's Inn]].<ref name="CWJ 1844 pp. 1056–57">"Tull Jethro" in: ''The Farmer's Encyclopædia, and Dictionary of Rural Affairs'', by Cuthbert W. Johnson, 1844, pp. 1056–1057.</ref> Tull married Susanna, daughter of John Smith, of [[Burton Dassett]], Warwickshire.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/miscellaneagenea4191bann/page/55/mode/1up?view=theater |title=Miscellanea Genealogica |publisher=Archive.org |accessdate=2025-02-18 |page=55 }}</ref> They settled on his father's farm at Howberry, near [[Crowmarsh Gifford]], Oxfordshire, where they had one son and two daughters. Soon after his call to the bar, Tull became ill with a [[pulmonary disorder]] and travelled to Europe in search of a cure. He spent a considerable amount of time at [[Montpellier]] in the south of France. During his tour, Tull carefully compared the agriculture of France and Italy with that of his own country, and lost no chance to observe and note everything which supported his own views and discoveries. On more than one occasion, he alluded in his work to the similarity of his own horse-hoe husbandry to the practice followed by the vine-dressers of the south of Europe in constantly hoeing or otherwise stirring their ground. Finding that they did not approve of dunging their vineyards, Tull readily adduced the fact in favour of his own favourite theory: that manuring soil is an unnecessary operation.<ref name="CWJ 1844 pp. 1056–57"/> Returning to England, in 1709 he took into his own hands the farm called Prosperous, at [[Shalbourne]]<ref name="vch">{{Cite web |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/berks/vol4/pp228-234|title=Victoria County History – Berkshire: Vol 4 pp228-234 – Parishes: Shalbourne |year=1924 |website=British History Online |publisher=University of London |access-date=19 January 2020 |editor-first1=William |editor-last1=Page |editor-first2=P.H. |editor-last2=Ditchfield}}</ref> (then in Berkshire, now in Wiltshire). Here, resuming the agricultural efforts he had commenced earlier, he wrote his book ''Horse-hoeing Husbandry'' (1731).<ref name="CWJ 1844 pp. 1056–57"/><ref>Tobias Smollett: ''The Expedition of Humphry Clinker'', ed. Lewis M. Knapp and Paul-Gabriel Boucé, OUP, The World's Classics, 1984, p. 327, Note 2.</ref> [[File:Jethro Tull (agriculturist) gravestone.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Tull's gravestone at [[St Bartholomew's Church, Lower Basildon]] in Berkshire]] Tull died on 21 February 1741 at Prosperous Farm<ref name="vch"/> and is buried in the graveyard of [[St Bartholomew's Church, Lower Basildon]], Berkshire (now redundant), where he had been baptised. His modern gravestone bears the burial date 9 March 1740 using the [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style calendar]], which is equivalent to the modern date 20 March 1741.
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