Editing Jefferson, New Hampshire (section)

==History==

[[File:Carter's Tower, Jefferson, NH.jpg|thumb|right|Carter's Tower in 1906]] 
[[British North America|Colonial]] Governor [[Benning Wentworth]] first made land grants in this area in 1765, but the location was so deep in unexplored territory that few settlers took up their claims. So soon after the [[French and Indian War]], in which certain Native American tribes in New England were allied with the French, English colonists did not want to be exposed on the frontier.

Colonel Joseph Whipple (1738–1816)<ref name=Bond/>{{efn|Colonel Joseph Whipple of Jefferson is a different person than the like-named Colonel [[Joseph Whipple]] of Rhode Island, who died in 1746.}} took a grant and cut trails through the forests to build a "manor" house. He named the town "Dartmouth" after [[William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth]], the patron of [[Dartmouth College]]. Brother to [[William Whipple]],<ref name=Bond>{{cite journal |url=https://whipple.org/joseph/mtwhipple.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041227062051/http://www.whipple.org/joseph/mtwhipple.pdf |archive-date=December 27, 2004 |url-status=live |title=Mount Joseph Whipple: How and Why It Got Its Name |first1=Charles D. |last1=Bond |first2=Marie R. |last2=Bond |date=November 2002 |access-date=July 10, 2020 |via=whipple.org}}</ref> a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], Colonel Whipple renamed the town "Jefferson" four years prior to [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s election as president.  The state legislature granted the town a new charter as "Jefferson" on December 8, 1796.

In the mid-19th century, the boundary with the adjacent township of [[Kilkenny, New Hampshire|Kilkenny]] was moved so as to include that township's few residents in Jefferson.

[[Image:Cherry Mountain from the Waumbek.jpg|thumb|left|Cherry Mountain from the Waumbek Hotel, {{circa|1910}}]]
[[Thaddeus S. C. Lowe]], a local farm boy born in 1832, became a world-famous inventor of aerostats ([[airship|dirigibles]]) and other devices. Consulting President [[Abraham Lincoln]], he organized a [[Union Army Balloon Corps|balloon corps]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], and went on to invent the [[icemaker|ice-making machine]], and later the [[water-gas]] process. For years, the latter was used to fuel gas lights in hundreds of cities. His father, Clovis Lowe, had been part owner in 1832 of nearby [[Low and Burbank's Grant, New Hampshire|Low and Burbank's Grant]], which contains much of [[Mount Adams (New Hampshire)|Mount Adams]] and [[Mount Madison]]. Lowe is featured on a [[New Hampshire historical marker]] ([[List of New Hampshire historical markers (1–25)#19|number 19]]) in Jefferson.

In 1885, a [[landslide]] on the north side of Cherry Mountain demolished the Stanley farm, mortally wounding a worker. Local hotels immediately arranged daily excursions to view the scene, now marked by a New Hampshire historical marker ([[List of New Hampshire historical markers (151–175)#152|number 152]]) titled "Cherry Mountain Slide".<ref name=ByNumber>{{cite web |url=https://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/markers/documents/markers_bynumber.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127063523/http://www.nh.gov/nhdhr/markers/documents/markers_bynumber.pdf |archive-date=January 27, 2013 |url-status=live |title=List of Markers by Marker Number |website=nh.gov |publisher=New Hampshire Division of Historical Resources |date=November 2, 2018 |access-date=July 5, 2019}}</ref> Jefferson's third marker ([[List of New Hampshire historical markers (226–250)#229|number 229]]) honors Deborah Vicker, known as "Granny Stalbird",<ref name=ByNumber/> who is said to have brought the first bible to the north country.

[[Image:The Waumbek Hotel, Jefferson, NH.jpg|thumb|right|The Waumbek {{circa|1905}}]]
During the early 1900s, Jefferson was a popular summer resort, boasting one of the largest "grand hotels" in the [[White Mountains (New Hampshire)|White Mountains]]—the Waumbek, with accommodations for nearly 300 guests. The hotel had its own rail branch, to deliver guests directly to the hotel from [[Boston]] and [[New York City|New York]] without changing trains. It was destroyed by fire on May 9, 1928.

At tourism's peak, Jefferson had over 30 inns and boarding houses, accessible by several mainline depots, including Riverton, Baileys, Meadows, and Highlands. Some of the original station buildings remain, although most have been moved to nearby locations. The tracks were removed in the 1920s. The wider ownership of automobiles gave people more choices for vacation destinations, and the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]] reduced vacations for years. By the end of this period, many people sought other venues than grand hotels.

A number of historic, architecturally interesting structures remain from the resort era. The Waumbek Cottages provided a backdrop for the popular White Mountains Festival of the Arts until 1979. In March 2006, the [[Waumbek Cottages Historic District]] was listed in the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

In 1988 and 1989, Jefferson gained national attention when a local volunteer firefighter was charged and tried in connection with dozens of [[arson]] fires that had plagued the area. The defendant was acquitted at trial.<ref>"Arsonist Taunts N.H. Town with 19th Fire", ''The Boston Globe'', August 24, 1988</ref><ref>"Ex-Fireman Charged in N.H. Arson", ''The Boston Globe'', October 13, 1988</ref><ref>"N.H. Man Cleared of Charge Related to Fire", ''The Boston Globe'', April 8, 1989</ref><ref>"N.H. Jurors Acquit Man of Arson Wave", ''The Boston Globe'', July 1, 1989</ref>