Editing January 27 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 98|98]] &ndash; [[Trajan]] succeeds his adoptive father [[Nerva]] as [[Roman emperor]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Constantin C. Giurescu|title=The Making of the Romanian People and Language|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivcbAAAAMAAJ|year=1972|publisher=Meridiane|page=43|access-date=2019-01-26|archive-date=2023-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924131844/https://books.google.com/books?id=ivcbAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[945]] &ndash; The co-emperors [[Stephen Lekapenos|Stephen]] and [[Constantine Lekapenos|Constantine]] are overthrown and forced to become monks by [[Constantine VII]], who becomes sole emperor of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>''[[Theophanes Continuatus]]'', [https://archive.org/details/theophanesconti01theogoog/page/n449/mode/1up Book VI]; [[John Skylitzes]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C&pg=PA228 (s. 237)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715045159/https://books.google.com/books?id=vGE8Xq832A0C&pg=PA228 |date=2021-07-15 }}.</ref>
*[[1186]] &ndash; [[Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry VI]], the son and heir of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]], marries [[Constance I of Sicily|Constance of Sicily]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Franke|first=Daniel P.|title=Crusade, empire, and the process of war in Staufen Germany, 1180-1220|editor-last=Boas|editor-first=Adrian|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2015|isbn=9780415824941|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nIa9CgAAQBAJ|page=130}}</ref>
*[[1302]] &ndash; [[Dante Alighieri]] is condemned ''in absentia'' and exiled from [[Florence]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Dante Alighieri|title=The Commedia and Canzoniere of Dante Alighieri: Life of Dante. Hell. Purgatory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUNdAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR74|year=1886|publisher=W. Isbister|isbn=978-0-8274-2077-9|page=74|access-date=2021-01-27|archive-date=2023-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924131918/https://books.google.com/books?id=oUNdAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR74|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1343]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement VI]] issues the [[papal bull]] [[Unigenitus (1343)|''Unigenitus'']], laying out the scriptural justification for [[indulgence]]s, identifying only the Pope and episcopate as capable of accessing the [[treasury of merit]], and establishing a [[Jubilee in the Catholic Church|jubilee year]] every half century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Noonan|first=John T.|title=Bribes|location=Berkeley, Calif.|publisher=University of California Press|date=1987|isbn=9780520061545|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6zgp1_zeJbEC|page=282|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Rittgers|first=Ronald K.|title=The Reformation of Suffering: Pastoral Theology and Lay Piety in Late Medieval and Early Modern Germany|location=New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2012|isbn=9780199795086|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXPHnuv01nwC|page=26}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1606]] &ndash; [[Gunpowder Plot]]: The trial of [[Guy Fawkes]] and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.<ref>{{cite book|author=John William Willis Bund|title=A Selection of Cases from the State Trials ...: Trials for Treason|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F9MKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA373|year=1879|publisher=University Press|pages=373–|access-date=2021-01-27|archive-date=2023-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924131845/https://books.google.com/books?id=F9MKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA373|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1695]] &ndash; [[Mustafa II]] becomes the [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman sultan]] and [[Caliph of Islam]] in [[Istanbul]] on the death of [[Ahmed II]]. Mustafa rules until his abdication in [[1703]].
*[[1759]] &ndash; Spanish forces clash with indigenous [[Huilliche people|Huilliche]]s of southern Chile in the [[Battle of Río Bueno (1759)|battle of Río Bueno]].<ref>{{cite book |last = Barros Arana |first = Diego |author-link1 = Diego Barros Arana |title = Historia General de Chile |volume = VI |url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-9008.html |year = 2000 |orig-date = 1886 |edition = 2 |publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] |location = Santiago, Chile |language = es |page = 310 |access-date = 2020-08-16 |archive-date = 2022-08-19 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220819211356/http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-9008.html |url-status = live }}</ref>
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Henry Knox]]'s "[[noble train of artillery]]" arrives in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]].
*[[1785]] &ndash; The [[University of Georgia]] is founded, the first state-chartered public university in the United States.
*[[1820]] &ndash; A [[Russian Empire|Russia]]n expedition led by [[Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen]] and [[Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev]] discovers the [[Antarctic]] continent, approaching the Antarctic coast.
*[[1825]] &ndash; The [[U.S. Congress]] approves [[Indian Territory]] (in what is present-day [[Oklahoma]]), clearing the way for forced relocation of the [[Five Civilized Tribes|Eastern Indians]] on the "[[Trail of Tears]]".
*[[1868]] &ndash; [[Boshin War]]: The [[Battle of Toba–Fushimi]] begins, between forces of the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] and pro-[[Emperor of Japan|Imperial]] factions; it will end in defeat for the shogunate, and is a pivotal point in the [[Meiji Restoration]].<ref>{{cite book|author=S. C. M. Paine|title=The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9YcDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|date=6 March 2017|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-01195-3|page=5|access-date=28 January 2019|archive-date=24 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924131845/https://books.google.com/books?id=-9YcDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1869]] &ndash; Boshin War: Tokugawa rebels establish the [[Ezo Republic]] in [[Hokkaidō]].<ref>{{cite book|title=This is Japan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDNQAQAAIAAJ|year=1962|publisher=Asahi Shimbun Newspaper Publishing Company|page=176|access-date=2019-01-28|archive-date=2023-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924131845/https://books.google.com/books?id=TDNQAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1874]] &ndash; [[Modest Mussorgsky]]'s opera ''[[Boris Godunov (opera)|Boris Godunov]]'' premieres in [[Mariinsky Theatre]] in [[St.Petersburg]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hostomska|first=Anna|title=Opera-průvodce operní tvorbou (in Czech)|location=Prague, Czech Republic|publisher=NS Svoboda, Prague|year=2018|isbn=978-80-205-0637-5|pages=1147–1150}}</ref>
*[[1880]] &ndash; [[Thomas Edison]] receives a patent for his [[incandescent lamp]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=46|title=Thomas Edison's Patent Application for the Light Bulb (1880)|website=Our Documents  |publisher=US Government|access-date=28 January 2019|archive-date=3 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103225816/https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=46|url-status=dead }}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1916]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The British government passes the [[Military Service Act 1916|Military Service Act]] that introduces [[conscription in the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web |title= British History Timeline: World Wars |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/worldwars_timeline_noflash.shtml |website=BBC |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127015243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/worldwars_timeline_noflash.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[1918]] &ndash; Beginning of the [[Finnish Civil War]].
*[[1924]] &ndash; Six days after his [[Death and state funeral of Vladimir Lenin|death]] Lenin's body is carried into a [[Lenin's Mausoleum|specially erected mausoleum]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Lenin: A Biography |edition=revised |last=Shub |first=David |author-link=David Shub |publisher=Pelican |location=London |year=1966 |url=https://archive.org/details/leninbiographyshub |page=439}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Lenin: Portrait of a Professional Revolutionary |last=Rice |first=Christopher |year=1990 |publisher=Cassell |location=London |isbn=978-0-304-31814-8|page=9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Lenin: A Biography |last=Service |first=Robert |author-link = Robert Service (historian) |year=2000 |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |isbn=978-0-333-72625-9 |title-link = Lenin: A Biography|pages=479–480}}</ref>
*[[1927]] &ndash; [[Ibn Saud]] takes the title of [[Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd|King of Nejd]].
*[[1928]] &ndash; [[Bundaberg tragedy]]: a diphtheria vaccine is contaminated with ''[[Staph. aureus]]'' bacterium, resulting in the deaths of twelve children in the Australian town of [[Bundaberg]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Bundaberg's Gethsemane: the tragedy of the inoculated children|first1=Harry|last1=Akers|first2=Suzette|last2=Porter|journal=Royal Historical Society of Queensland Journal|volume=20|number=7|year=2008|pages=261–278|url=https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:152716/UQ_PV_152716.pdf}}</ref>
*[[1939]] &ndash; First flight of the [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Eighth Air Force]] sorties ninety-one [[Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress|B-17s]] and [[Consolidated B-24 Liberator|B-24s]] to attack the [[U-boat]] construction yards at [[Wilhelmshaven]], Germany. This was the first American bombing attack on Germany.
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: The 900-day [[Siege of Leningrad]] is lifted.
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: The [[322nd Rifle Division (Soviet Union)|Soviet 322nd Rifle Division]] [[Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp|liberates]] the remaining inmates of [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz-Birkenau]]. 
*[[1951]] &ndash; [[Nuclear weapons testing|Nuclear test]]ing at the [[Nevada Test Site]] begins with [[Operation Ranger]].
*[[1961]] &ndash; The [[Soviet submarine S-80]] sinks when its [[Submarine snorkel|snorkel]] malfunctions, flooding the boat.
*[[1965]] &ndash; South Vietnamese Prime Minister [[Trần Văn Hương]] is removed by the military junta of [[Nguyễn Khánh]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Triumph Forsaken: The Vietnam War, 1954&ndash;1965  |first=Mark |last=Moyar |author-link=Mark Moyar |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-521-86911-0 |location=New York City |page=775}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Apollo program]]: [[Astronaut]]s [[Gus Grissom]], [[Ed White (astronaut)|Ed White]] and [[Roger Chaffee]] are killed in a fire during a test of their [[Apollo 1]] spacecraft at the [[Kennedy Space Center]], [[Florida]].
*  1967   &ndash; [[Cold War]]: The [[Soviet Union]], the United States, and the United Kingdom sign the [[Outer Space Treaty]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], banning deployment of [[nuclear weapon]]s in space, and limiting the usage of the [[Moon]] and other [[astronomical object|celestial bodies]] to peaceful purposes.
*[[1973]] &ndash; The [[Paris Peace Accords]] officially ends the [[Vietnam War]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Head |first1=William P. |title=Dirty Little Secret in the Land of a Million Elephants: Barrel Roll and the Lost War |journal=Air Power History |date=2017 |volume=64 |issue=4 |page=24 |jstor=26571062 |issn=1044-016X}}</ref> Colonel [[William Nolde]] is killed in action becoming the conflict's last recorded American combat casualty.
*[[1980]] &ndash; Through cooperation between the U.S. and Canadian governments, six American diplomats secretly escape [[Iran hostage crisis|hostilities]] in [[Iran]] in the culmination of the [[Canadian Caper]].
*[[1983]] &ndash; The pilot shaft of the [[Seikan Tunnel]], the world's longest sub-aqueous tunnel (53.85&nbsp;km) between the Japanese islands of [[Honshū]] and [[Hokkaidō]], breaks through.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn|author2=Buddhima Indraratna|author3=Professor Jian Chu|title=Ground Improvement: Case Histories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_XI7PXtdQMEC&pg=PA354|date=7 November 2005|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-08-045736-9|page=354|access-date=28 January 2019|archive-date=24 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924131845/https://books.google.com/books?id=_XI7PXtdQMEC&pg=PA354|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1996]] &ndash; In a [[1996 Nigerien coup d'état|military coup]], Colonel [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara]] deposes the first democratically elected president of [[Niger]], [[Mahamane Ousmane]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Political Science Abstracts: 1996 Annual Supplement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVHaBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4615-5971-9|page=25|access-date=28 January 2019|archive-date=24 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924132346/https://books.google.com/books?id=rVHaBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25|url-status=live}}</ref>
*  1996   &ndash; Germany first observes the [[International Holocaust Remembrance Day]].
*[[2002]] &ndash; [[Lagos armoury explosion|An explosion]] at a military storage facility in [[Lagos]], Nigeria, kills at least 1,100 people and displaces over 20,000 others.
*[[2003]] &ndash; The first selections for the [[National Recording Registry]] are announced by the [[Library of Congress]].
*[[2010]] &ndash; The [[2009 Honduran constitutional crisis]] ends when [[Porfirio Lobo Sosa]] becomes the new [[President of Honduras]].
*  2010   &ndash; [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] announces the [[iPad]].<ref>{{Cite news  |title=Apple Fast Facts|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/07/01/business/apple-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=2022-01-12|work=CNN|date=July 2014|archive-date=2022-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729040834/https://www.cnn.com/2014/07/01/business/apple-fast-facts/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Arab Spring]]: The [[Yemeni Revolution]] begins as over 16,000 protestors demonstrate in [[Sana'a]].<ref name="Kasinof2016">{{cite book|author=Laura Kasinof|title=Don't Be Afraid of the Bullets: An Accidental War Correspondent in Yemen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5GJDAAAQBAJ|date=1 March 2016|publisher=Arcade|isbn=978-1-62872-648-0|access-date=28 January 2019|archive-date=24 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924132417/https://books.google.com/books?id=d5GJDAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>
*  2011   &ndash; Within [[Ursa Minor]], [[H1504+65]], a [[white dwarf]] with the hottest known surface temperature in the universe at 200,000 K, was documented.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Werner|first=K.|author2=Rauch, T.|date=2011|title=UV Spectroscopy of the Hot Bare Stellar Core H1504+65 with the HST Cosmic Origins Spectrograph|journal=[[Astrophysics and Space Science]]|volume=335|issue=1|pages=121–24|doi=10.1007/s10509-011-0617-x|bibcode = 2011Ap&SS.335..121W |s2cid=116910726}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; Two hundred and forty-two people die in a [[Kiss nightclub fire|nightclub fire]] in the [[Brazil]]ian city of [[Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul]].
*[[2014]] &ndash; [[Rojava conflict]]: The [[Euphrates Region|Kobanî Canton]] declares its autonomy from the [[Syria|Syrian Arab Republic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2014/1/syriakurd1028.htm|title=Al-Qamishli to be capital city of Jazeera Canton in Syrian Kurdistan|work=Firat News|date=26 January 2014|access-date=19 July 2021|archive-date=20 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420212130/http://ekurd.net/mismas/articles/misc2014/1/syriakurd1028.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2017]] &ndash; A naming ceremony for the chemical element [[tennessine]] takes place in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jinr.ru/posts/at-the-inauguration-ceremony-of-the-new-elements-of-the-periodic-table-of-d-i-mendeleev/ |title=At the inauguration ceremony of the new elements of the Periodic table of D.I. Mendeleev |last=Fedorova |first=Vera |date=3 March 2017 |website=jinr.ru |publisher=[[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research]] |access-date=4 February 2018 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907032416/http://www.jinr.ru/posts/at-the-inauguration-ceremony-of-the-new-elements-of-the-periodic-table-of-d-i-mendeleev/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; [[Tyre Nichols protests|Protests and public outrage]] spark across the U.S. after the release of multiple videos by the [[Memphis Police Department]] showing officers punching, kicking, and pepper spraying [[Killing of Tyre Nichols|Tyre Nichols]] as a result of running away from a traffic stop, which resulted him dying in the hospital three days later after the incident.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tyre Nichols Video Release Stirs Protest, Outrage, Investigations and Tears |url=https://www.newsweek.com/tyre-nichols-video-release-stirs-protest-outrage-investigations-tears-1777250 |website=[[Newsweek]] |date=28 January 2023 |publisher=Kaitlin Lewis |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128061336/https://www.newsweek.com/tyre-nichols-video-release-stirs-protest-outrage-investigations-tears-1777250 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*2023   &ndash; A [[2023 Neve Yaakov shooting|shooting]] at a [[synagogue]] in [[Neve Yaakov]], [[East Jerusalem]], kills seven people and injures three others.<ref>{{cite web |last=Breiner |first=Josh |date=27 January 2023 |title=Seven Dead, Three Wounded in East Jerusalem Synagogue Shooting Attack |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-01-27/ty-article/.premium/five-israelis-wounded-in-jerusalem-shooting/00000185-f47b-d4a2-adb5-f47bd70d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128105201/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-01-27/ty-article/.premium/five-israelis-wounded-in-jerusalem-shooting/00000185-f47b-d4a2-adb5-f47bd70d0000 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=Haaretz.com}}</ref>