Editing January 20 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[250]] &ndash; [[Pope Fabian]] is martyred during the [[Decian persecution]].<ref>{{Catholic Encyclopedia |wstitle=Pope St. Fabian |volume=5 |inline=yes |prescript=}}</ref>
*[[1156]] &ndash; Finnish peasant [[Lalli]] kills English clergyman [[Henry (bishop of Finland)|Henry]], the [[Bishop of Turku]], on the ice of [[Köyliönjärvi|Lake Köyliö]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.henrikinvaellus.fi/history-and-significance|title=History and significance of St Henry|work=Pyhän Henrikin Pyhiinvellusyhdistys ry|access-date=January 12, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.swedishfinnhistoricalsociety.org/abo-cathedral/|title=Åbo Cathedral|work=Swedish Finn Historical Society|date=19 April 2020 |access-date=January 12, 2022}}</ref>
*[[1265]] &ndash; The [[Simon de Montfort's Parliament|first English parliament]] to include not only Lords but also representatives of the major towns holds its first meeting in the [[Palace of Westminster]], now commonly known as the "Houses of Parliament".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/originsofparliament/birthofparliament/overview/simondemontfort/demontfortparliament/|title=Simon De Montfort's parliament|website=UK Parliament|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref>
*[[1320]] &ndash; Duke [[Wladyslaw Lokietek]] becomes [[History of Poland during the Piast dynasty#Late Piast dynasty and reunification|king of Poland]].
*[[1356]] &ndash; [[Edward Balliol]] surrenders his claim to the [[List of Scottish monarchs#House of Balliol (1292–96)|Scottish throne]] to [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] in exchange for an English pension.
*[[1401]] &ndash; The [[Taula de canvi de Barcelona|Taula de canvi]] (Catalan: "Table of change"), described as Europe's first-ever public bank,<ref name=Bindseil>{{cite book|author=Ulrich Bindseil|title=Central Banking before 1800: A Rehabilitation|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2019}}</ref> began operations inside [[Barcelona]]'s [[Llotja de Barcelona|Llotja de Mar]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sánchez Sarto |first1=Manuel |title=Les Banques publiques en Espagne jusqu'à 1815. ''In Johannes Gerard van Dillen (ed.).'' History of the Principal Public Banks. |date=1964 |publisher=Frank Cass |page=3}}</ref>
*[[1523]] &ndash; [[Christian II of Denmark|Christian II]] is forced to abdicate as King of Denmark and Norway.
*[[1567]] &ndash; [[Battle of Rio de Janeiro (1567)|Battle of Rio de Janeiro]]: [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] forces under the command of [[Estácio de Sá]] definitively drive the French out of [[Rio de Janeiro]].
*[[1576]] &ndash; The Mexican city of [[León, Guanajuato|León]] is founded by order of the viceroy Don [[Martín Enríquez de Almanza]].

===1601–1900===
*[[1649]] &ndash; The [[High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I]] begins its proceedings.
*[[1783]] &ndash; The [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] signs preliminary [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|articles of peace]] with the [[Kingdom of France]], setting the stage for the official end of hostilities in the [[American Revolutionary War]] later that year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1776-1783/treaty |title=Milestones: 1776–1783 - Treaty of Paris, 1783 |website=Office of the Historian |language=en |access-date=2018-05-22}}</ref>
*[[1785]] &ndash; Invading [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siamese]] forces attempt to exploit the political chaos in [[Vietnam]], but are ambushed and annihilated at the [[Mekong]] river by the [[Tây Sơn]] in the [[Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút]].
*[[1788]] &ndash; The third and main part of [[First Fleet]] arrives at [[Botany Bay]], beginning the [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|British colonization of Australia]]. [[Arthur Phillip]] decides that [[Port Jackson]] is a more suitable location for a colony.
*[[1839]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of Yungay]], [[Chile]] defeats an alliance between [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]].
*[[1841]] &ndash; [[Hong Kong Island]] is occupied by the British during the [[First Opium War]].
*[[1874]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Pangkor]] is signed between the British and [[Abdullah Muhammad Shah II of Perak|Sultan Abdullah]] of Perak, paving the way for further [[British Malaya|British colonization of Malaya]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Documents Archive - Pangkor Engagement of 1874|url=http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/hist/eia/documents_archive/pangkor-treaty.php|access-date=10 January 2019 |publisher=National University of Singapore |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190110184130/http://www.fas.nus.edu.sg/hist/eia/documents_archive/pangkor-treaty.php |archive-date= 10 January 2019 }}</ref>
*[[1877]] &ndash; The last day of the [[Constantinople Conference]] results in agreement for political reforms in the [[Balkans]].
*[[1887]] &ndash; The [[United States Senate]] allows the [[United States Navy|Navy]] to lease [[Pearl Harbor]] as a naval base.
===1901–present===
*[[1909]] &ndash; Newly formed automaker [[General Motors]] (GM) buys into the [[Oakland Motor Car Company]], which later becomes GM's long-running [[Pontiac (automobile)|Pontiac]] division.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.american-automobiles.com/Pontiac-1926-1932.html|title=The Pontiac Automobile 1926-1932 & The Oakland Motor Car Co.|website=American Automobiles|access-date=September 2, 2018|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224193155/http://www.american-automobiles.com/Pontiac-1926-1932.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[1921]] &ndash; The British K-class submarine [[HMS K5|HMS ''K5'']] sinks in the [[English Channel]]; all 56 on board die.
*1921 &ndash; [[Turkish Constitution of 1921|The first Constitution of Turkey]] is adopted, making fundamental changes in the source and exercise of sovereignty by consecrating the principle of [[national sovereignty]].
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[John Nance Garner]] are [[Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt|sworn in for their second terms]] as [[U.S. President]] and [[U.S. Vice President]]; it is the first time a Presidential Inauguration takes place on January 20 since the [[Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution|20th Amendment]] changed the dates of presidential terms.
*[[1941]] &ndash; A German officer is killed in [[Bucharest]], Romania, sparking a [[Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom|rebellion and pogrom]] by the [[Iron Guard]], killing 125 Jews and 30 soldiers.
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: At the [[Wannsee Conference]] held in the Berlin suburb of [[Wannsee]], senior [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] officials discuss the implementation of the "[[Final Solution]] to the [[Jewish question]]".<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/12/holocaust-remembrance-lessons-america/671893/ |title=Monuments to the Unthinkable |first1=Clint |last1=Smith |date=December 2022|access-date=23 November 2022 |magazine=The Atlantic |page=36 |url-access=subscription |volume=330 |issue=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123114307/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/12/holocaust-remembrance-lessons-america/671893/ |archive-date= 23 November 2022 }}</ref>
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Béla Miklós|provisional government of Béla Miklós]] in Hungary agrees to an [[armistice]] with the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]].
*1945 &ndash; World War II: [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] begins the [[evacuation of East Prussia|evacuation of 1.8&nbsp;million people]] from [[East Prussia]], a task which will take nearly two months.
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] is inaugurated as the 34th [[President of the United States of America]], becoming the first president to begin his presidency on January 20 since the [[Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution|20th Amendment]] changed the dates of presidential terms.<ref name="JCCIC">{{cite web|url=https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/42nd-inaugural-ceremonies/|title=42nd Inaugural Ceremonies |website=The Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies |publisher=United States Senate|access-date=June 15, 2021}}</ref>
*[[1954]] &ndash; In the United States, the [[National Negro Network]] is established with 40 charter member radio stations.
*[[1961]] &ndash; [[John F. Kennedy]] is [[Inauguration of John F. Kennedy|inaugurated]] as the 35th [[President of the United States of America]], becoming the youngest man to be elected into that office, and the first [[Roman Catholic]].
*[[1972]] &ndash; Pakistan launches its [[Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear weapons program]], a few weeks after its defeat in the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], as well as the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]].
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Amílcar Cabral]], leader of the independence movement in [[Guinea-Bissau]] and [[Cape Verde]], is assassinated in [[Conakry]], Guinea.<ref>{{cite news |title= US declassifies documents on freedom fighter Amilcar Cabral |url=http://www.afrol.com/articles/19767 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |publisher=Afrol News}}</ref>
*[[1974]] &ndash; China gains control over all the [[Paracel Islands]] after [[Battle of the Paracel Islands|a military engagement]] between the naval forces of China and [[South Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/7b5ec8a0-cc48-4d9b-b558-a4f1cf92e7b8/The1974ParacelsSeaBattle.aspx |publisher=U.S. Naval War College |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801074649/https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/7b5ec8a0-cc48-4d9b-b558-a4f1cf92e7b8/The1974ParacelsSeaBattle.aspx |archive-date=1 August 2016 |last=Yoshihara |first=Toshi |title=The 1974 Paracels Sea Battle: A Campaign Appraisal |journal=[[Naval War College Review]] |date=Spring 2016 |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=41–65 |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>
*[[1981]] &ndash; Twenty minutes after [[Ronald Reagan]] is [[First inauguration of Ronald Reagan|inaugurated]] as the 40th [[President of the United States|President of the United States of America]], [[Iran]] releases 52 [[Iran hostage crisis|American hostages]].
*[[1986]] &ndash; In the United States, [[Martin Luther King Jr. Day]] is celebrated as a federal holiday for the first time.
*1986 &ndash; [[Leabua Jonathan]], Prime Minister of Lesotho, is ousted from power in a [[1986 Lesotho coup d'état|coup d'état]] led by General [[Justin Lekhanya]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/01/21/world/military-topples-lesotho-leader-capital-jubilant.html|title=Military Topples Lesotho Leader; Capital Jubilant|date=21 January 1986|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=[[Alan Cowell]]|access-date=23 December 2022}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Black January|Protests]] in [[Azerbaijan]], part of the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]].
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Sudan]]'s government imposes [[Sharia|Islamic law]] nationwide, worsening the [[Second Sudanese Civil War|civil war]] between the country's Muslim north and Christian south.
*[[1992]] &ndash; [[Air Inter Flight 148]], an [[Airbus A320-111]], crashes into a mountain near [[Strasbourg]], France, killing 87 of the 96 people on board.
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[President of the Philippines]] [[Joseph Estrada]] is ousted in a [[2001 EDSA Revolution|nonviolent four-day revolution]], and is succeeded by [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo]].
*[[2009]] &ndash; [[Barack Obama]] is [[first inauguration of Barack Obama|inaugurated]] as the 44th [[President of the United States of America]], becoming the first [[African-American]] [[President of the United States]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/56th-inaugural-ceremonies/ |title=The 56th Presidential Inauguration: Barack H. Obama, January 20, 2009 |publisher=United States Senate |access-date=July 5, 2021 |archive-date=July 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705111257/https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/56th-inaugural-ceremonies/ |url-status=live}}</ref> 
*2009 &ndash; A protest movement in [[Iceland]] culminates as the [[2009 Icelandic financial crisis protests]] start.
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[Donald Trump]] is [[First inauguration of Donald Trump|inaugurated]] as the 45th [[President of the United States of America]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/the-inaugural-address/ |title=REMARKS OF PRESIDENT DONALD J. TRUMP – AS PREPARED FOR DELIVERY INAUGURAL ADDRESS FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 2017 WASHINGTON, D.C. |work=trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov |access-date=2024-10-16}}</ref>
*[[2018]] &ndash; A group of four or five gunmen [[2018 Inter-Continental Hotel Kabul attack|attack The Inter-Continental Hotel]] in [[Kabul]], Afghanistan, sparking a 12-hour battle. The attack kills 40 people and injures many others.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/kabul-hotel-attack-killed-40-people-official-1804605 |title=Kabul Hotel Attack Killed 40 People: Official |work=NDTV.com |access-date=2018-01-27}}</ref>
*2018 &ndash; [[Syrian civil war]]: The [[Government of Turkey]] announces the initiation of the [[Afrin offensive (January–March 2018)|Afrin offensive]] and begins shelling [[Syrian Democratic Forces]] (SDF) positions in [[Afrin Region]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey/turkey-shells-syrias-afrin-region-minister-says-operation-has-begun-idUSKBN1F80XX |title=Turkey shells Syria's Afrin region, minister says operation has begun |work=[[Reuters]] |date=20 September 2018 |access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; [[Joe Biden]] is [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|inaugurated]] as the 46th [[President of the United States|President of the United States of America]]. At the time of his inauguration, he became the oldest person ever inaugurated. [[Kamala Harris]] became the first female [[Vice President of the United States]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/viewers-guide-biden-s-inauguration-day-everything-you-need-know-n1254340|title=Viewers' guide to Biden's Inauguration Day: Everything you need to know|website=NBC News|date=20 January 2021 }}</ref>
*[[2025]] &ndash; [[Donald Trump]] is [[Second inauguration of Donald Trump|inaugurated]] as the 47th [[President of the United States|President of the United States of America]]. He is currently the oldest person ever inaugurated.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Forrest |first=Elise Hammond, Antoinette Radford, Maureen Chowdhury, Tori B. Powell, Aditi Sangal, Michelle Shen, Kaanita Iyer, Jack |date=2025-01-20 |title=Trump sworn in, signs executive actions: Live updates {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-inauguration-01-2025/index.html |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref>