Editing January 15 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 69|69]] &ndash; [[Otho]] seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself [[Roman emperor|Emperor of Rome]],<ref>{{cite book|author1=Fik Meijer|author2=Fredericus Joannes Antonius Maria Meijer|title=Emperors Don't Die in Bed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygQgBaVYZj8C&pg=PA37|year=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-31201-1|pages=37}}</ref> beginning a reign of only three months.
*[[1541]] &ndash; King [[Francis I of France]] gives [[Jean-François Roberval]] a commission to settle the province of [[New France]] (Canada) and provide for the spread of the "Holy Catholic faith".<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Jean Knecht|title=Francis I|date=18 February 1982|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R0Ouk5uH0DAC&pg=PA341|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-00-122391-9|pages=34–}}</ref>
*[[1559]] &ndash; [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] is crowned [[List of English monarchs|Queen of England]] and [[Monarchy of Ireland|Ireland]] in [[Westminster Abbey]], London.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Joseph Timothy Haydn|author2=Robert Beatson|title=Beatson's Political index modernised. The book of dignities; containing rolls of the official personages of the British empire, together with the sovereigns of Europe, the peerage of England and of Great Britain|url=https://archive.org/details/beatsonspolitic00beatgoog|year=1851|pages=[https://archive.org/details/beatsonspolitic00beatgoog/page/n414 393]}}</ref>
*[[1582]] &ndash; [[Truce of Yam-Zapolsky]]: Russia cedes [[Livonia]] to the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Alexander Filjushkin|title=Ivan the Terrible: A Military History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PvRAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA277|date=30 August 2008|publisher=Frontline Books|isbn=978-1-84832-504-3|pages=277}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1759]] &ndash; The [[British Museum]] opens to the public.<ref>{{cite book|author=Samuel Orchart Beeton|title=Beeton's Dictionary of Universal Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0ICAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA359|year=1870|pages=359}}</ref>
*[[1777]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: [[Vermont Republic|New Connecticut]] (present-day [[Vermont]]) declares its independence.<ref name="Thompson1842">{{cite book|author=Zadock Thompson|title=History of Vermont, Natural, Civil and Statistical: In Three Parts, with a New Map of the State, and 200 Engravings|url=https://archive.org/details/HOV_vtrbms|year=1842|publisher=C. Goodrich|pages=[https://archive.org/details/HOV_vtrbms/page/n279 51]}}</ref>
*[[1782]] &ndash; Superintendent of Finance [[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]] addresses the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] to recommend establishment of a national [[Mint (facility)|mint]] and decimal [[coin]]age.<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Jefferson|title=The Papers of Thomas Jefferson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VfIWAQAAIAAJ|year=1950|publisher=Princeton University Press|page=150}}</ref>
*[[1815]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: American frigate {{USS|President|1800|6}}, commanded by [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[Stephen Decatur]], is [[Capture of USS President|captured]] by a squadron of four British frigates.<ref name="Institute1964">{{cite book|author=United States Naval Institute|title=Almanac of Naval Facts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zn5KAAAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=US Naval Institute|page=123}}</ref>
*[[1818]] &ndash; A paper by [[David Brewster]] is read to the [[Royal Society]], belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the ''biaxial'' class of [[birefringence|doubly-refracting]] crystals.<ref>{{cite book|author=Royal Society (Great Britain)|title=Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bVdCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA92|year=1833|publisher=Richard Taylor|pages=92–}}</ref> On the same day, [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel]] signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of [[polarization (waves)|polarized]] light.
*[[1822]] &ndash; [[Greek War of Independence]]: [[Demetrios Ypsilantis]] is elected president of the legislative assembly.
*[[1865]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Fort Fisher]] in [[North Carolina]] [[Second Battle of Fort Fisher|falls to the Union]], thus cutting off the last major seaport of the Confederacy.<ref>{{cite book|author=David W. Kummer|title=Fort Fisher, December 1864-January 1865|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=runjNj6qNbUC&pg=PA39|year=2012|publisher=United States Marine Corps History Division|pages=39–43|isbn=9780160911446}}</ref>
*[[1867]] &ndash; [[Regent's Park skating disaster|Forty people die]] when ice covering the boating lake at [[Regent's Park]], [[London]], collapses.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/the-legacy-of-a-cold-weather-disaster-bkjm30b3j|title=The legacy of a cold-weather disaster|date=18 January 2017|work=The Times}}</ref>
*[[1870]] &ndash; [[Thomas Nast]] publishes a [[political cartoon]]  symbolizing the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] with a [[donkey]] ("[[:File:Democraticjackass.jpg|A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion]]") for ''[[Harper's Weekly]]''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Voorhees |first=Donal A |title=The Book of Totally Useless Information |date=1998 |pages=14–15}}</ref>
*[[1876]] &ndash; The first newspaper in [[Afrikaans]], ''[[Die Afrikaanse Patriot]]'', is published in [[Paarl]].
*[[1889]] &ndash; [[The Coca-Cola Company]], then known as the Pemberton Medicine Company, is [[Incorporation (business)|incorporated]] in [[Atlanta]].
*[[1892]] &ndash; [[James Naismith]] publishes the [[Rules of basketball|rules]] of [[basketball]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Mike Douchant|title=Inside Sports College Basketball|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhVcZMynUSoC|year=1996|publisher=Visible Ink Press|isbn=978-0-7876-1033-3|page=3}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1908]] &ndash; The [[Alpha Kappa Alpha]] [[Fraternities and sororities in North America|sorority]] becomes the first Greek-letter organization founded and established by [[African American]] college women.
*[[1910]] &ndash; Construction ends on the [[Buffalo Bill Dam]] in [[Wyoming]], United States, which was the highest dam in the world at the time, at {{convert|325|ft|m|abbr=on|order=flip}}.
*[[1911]] &ndash; [[Palestinian Arabic]]-language ''[[Falastin]]'' newspaper founded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nlis/en/jrayed/Pages/Filastin.aspx|title=Filastin|work=National Library of Israel|access-date=15 January 2020}}</ref>
*[[1919]] &ndash; [[Rosa Luxemburg]] and [[Karl Liebknecht]], two of the most prominent [[Communism|communists]] in Germany, are clubbed and then shot to death by members of the [[Freikorps]] at the end of the [[Spartacist uprising]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Menzel |first=Thomas |title=Ermordung von Karl Liebknecht und Rosa Luxemburg |trans-title=The Murders of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg |url=https://weimar.bundesarchiv.de/WEIMAR/DE/Content/Virtuelle-Ausstellungen/Raete-Revolution-Republik/ermordung_liebknecht_luxemburg.html |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=Das Bundesarchiv |language=de}}</ref>
*  1919   &ndash; [[Great Molasses Flood]]: A wave of [[molasses]] released from an exploding storage tank sweeps through [[Boston]], Massachusetts, killing 21 and injuring 150.
*[[1934]] &ndash; The 8.0 {{M|w}} [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake|Nepal–Bihar earthquake]] strikes [[Nepal]] and [[Bihar]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of XI (''Extreme''), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people.
*[[1936]] &ndash; The first building to be completely covered in glass, built for the [[Owens-Illinois|Owens-Illinois Glass Company]], is completed in [[Toledo, Ohio]].
*[[1937]] &ndash; [[Spanish Civil War]]: [[Francoist Spain|Nationalists]] and [[Second Spanish Republic|Republicans]] both withdraw after suffering heavy losses, ending the [[Second Battle of the Corunna Road]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Voronezh (1943)|Soviet counter-offensive at Voronezh]] begins.
*  1943   &ndash; [[The Pentagon]] is dedicated in [[Arlington County, Virginia]].
*[[1947]] &ndash; The [[Black Dahlia]] murder: The dismembered corpse of Elizabeth Short was found in Los Angeles.
*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Chinese Civil War]]: The [[Communist Party of China|Communist]] forces [[Pingjin Campaign|take over]] [[Tianjin]] from the [[Nationalist government]].
*[[1962]] &ndash; The [[Derveni papyrus]], Europe's oldest surviving manuscript dating to 340 BC, is found in northern Greece.
*  1962   &ndash; [[Netherlands New Guinea]] Conflict: [[Indonesian Navy]] fast patrol boat RI Macan Tutul commanded by Commodore [[Yos Sudarso]] sunk in [[Arafura Sea]] by the [[Dutch Navy]].
*[[1966]] &ndash; The [[First Nigerian Republic]], led by [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] is overthrown in [[1966 Nigerian coup d'état|a military coup d'état]].
*[[1967]] &ndash; The first [[Super Bowl]] is played in [[Los Angeles]]. The [[1966 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] defeat the [[1966 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]] 35–10.
*[[1969]] &ndash; The [[Soviet Union]] launches ''[[Soyuz 5]]''.
*[[1970]] &ndash; [[Nigerian Civil War]]: [[Biafra]]n rebels surrender following an unsuccessful 32-month fight for independence from [[Nigeria]].
*  1970   &ndash; [[Muammar Gaddafi]] is proclaimed premier of [[Libya]].
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: Citing progress in peace negotiations, [[President of the United States|President]] [[Richard Nixon]] announces the suspension of offensive action in [[North Vietnam]].
*[[1975]] &ndash; The [[Alvor Agreement]] is signed, ending the [[Angolan War of Independence]] and giving Angola independence from Portugal.
*[[1976]] &ndash; [[Gerald Ford]]'s would-be assassin, [[Sara Jane Moore]], is sentenced to [[Life imprisonment in the United States|life in prison]].
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Linjeflyg Flight 618]] crashes in [[Kälvesta]] near [[Stockholm Bromma Airport]] in [[Stockholm]], Sweden, killing 22 people.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident Vickers 838 Viscount SE-FOZ Stockholm-Bromma Airport (BMA)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19770115-1|access-date=2022-01-14|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Pope John Paul II]] receives a delegation from the Polish trade union [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] at the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] led by [[Lech Wałęsa]].
*[[1991]] &ndash; The [[United Nations]] deadline for the withdrawal of [[Iraq]]i forces from occupied [[Kuwait]] expires, preparing the way for the start of [[Gulf War|Operation Desert Storm]].
*  1991   &ndash; [[Elizabeth II]], in her capacity as [[Monarchy of Australia|Queen of Australia]], signs [[letters patent]] allowing Australia to become the first [[Commonwealth realm]] to institute [[Victoria Cross for Australia|its own Victoria Cross]] in its honours system.<ref>{{cite book|author=Australia. Parliament. Senate|title=Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).: Senate|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gb5DAQAAIAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Commomwealth Government Printer|page=23698}}</ref>
*[[2001]] &ndash; [[Wikipedia]], a free [[wiki]] content encyclopedia, is launched ([[Wikipedia:Wikipedia Day|Wikipedia Day]]).<ref>{{cite book|author=Paul Anderson|title=Web 2.0 and Beyond: Principles and Technologies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRrOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA137|date=19 April 2016|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4398-2868-7|pages=137}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; [[European Space Agency|ESA]]'s [[SMART-1]] lunar orbiter discovers elements such as [[calcium]], [[aluminum]], [[silicon]], [[iron]], and other surface elements on the Moon.
*[[2009]] &ndash; [[US Airways Flight 1549]] [[water landing|ditches safely]] in the [[Hudson River]] after the plane [[Bird strike|collides with birds]] less than two minutes after take-off. This becomes known as "The Miracle on the Hudson" as all 155 people on board were rescued.
*[[2013]] &ndash; A [[Badrashin railway accident|train]] carrying [[Egyptian Army]] recruits derails near [[Giza]], [[Greater Cairo]], killing 19 and injuring 120 others.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 January 2013 |access-date=15 January 2013 |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/62516/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-Salvation-Front-holds-officials-responsible-.aspx |title=Egypt Salvation Front holds officials responsible for Badrashin accident |newspaper=[[Al-Ahram]] |archive-date=27 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227005542/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/62516/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt-Salvation-Front-holds-officials-responsible-.aspx |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref>
*[[2015]] &ndash; The [[Swiss National Bank]] abandons the cap on the [[Swiss franc]]'s value relative to the [[euro]], causing turmoil in international financial markets.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jayanth R. Varma|author2=Vineet Virmani|title=Swiss Roll|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ej-swEACAAJ|year=2016|publisher=Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad|isbn=978-1-5264-2962-9}}</ref>
*[[2016]] &ndash; The [[Kenya Defence Forces|Kenyan Army]] suffers its worst defeat ever in a [[Battle of El Adde|battle]] with [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]] Islamic insurgents in [[El-Adde]], [[Somalia]]. An estimated 150 Kenyan soldiers are killed in the battle.<ref>{{Cite web|last=BBC|date=2016-01-15|title=Al-Shabab seizes African Union base in Somalia|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35321522?ns_mchannel=social&ns_campaign=bbc_breaking&ns_source=twitter&ns_linkname=news_central|website=BBC.com|language=en-uk}}</ref>
*[[2018]] &ndash; British multinational [[construction]] and [[facilities management]] services company [[Carillion]] went into [[liquidation]]<ref name="BBC-15Jan2018">{{cite news|title=Carillion to go into liquidation|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-42687032#|access-date=15 January 2018|work=BBC News |date=15 January 2018}}</ref>{{snd}}officially, "the largest ever trading liquidation in the UK"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/carillion-contracts-complete-transfer|title=Carillion contracts complete transfer|date=6 August 2018|website=The Insolvency Service|access-date=6 April 2022}}</ref>
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[Somalia|Somali]] militants [[Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack|attack]] the DusitD2 hotel in [[Nairobi]], Kenya killing at least 21 people and injuring 19.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-46888682|title=Kenya attack: 21 confirmed dead in DusitD2 hotel siege|work=BBC News|date=16 January 2019|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>
*  2019   &ndash; [[Theresa May]]'s UK government suffers the biggest government defeat in [[List of Government defeats in the House of Commons (1945–present)|modern times]], when 432 MPs voting against the proposed [[Brexit withdrawal agreement|European Union withdrawal agreement]], giving her opponents a majority of 230.<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-46885828|title= Brexit: Theresa May's deal is voted down in historic Commons defeat|work= BBC News|date= 15 January 2019|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref>
*[[2020]]   &ndash; The Japanese [[Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare]] confirms the first case of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Japan|COVID-19 in Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2022-01-05|title=CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline|url=https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covid19.html|access-date=2022-01-11|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; A [[2021 West Sulawesi earthquake|6.2-magnitude earthquake]] strikes Indonesia's [[Sulawesi]] island killing at least 105 and injuring 3,369 people.<ref name="AHA_25_01">{{Cite web |date=25 January 2021 |title=Indonesia, Earthquakes in West Sulawesi |url=https://adinet.ahacentre.org/report/indonesia-earthquakes-in-west-sulawesi-20210115 |access-date=26 January 2021 |website=ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; The [[2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami|Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcano erupts]], cutting off communications with [[Tonga]] and causing a tsunami across the Pacific.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-16|title=Pacific volcano: New Zealand sends flight to assess Tonga damage|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60009944|access-date=2022-01-18}}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; [[Yeti Airlines Flight 691]] crashes near [[Pokhara International Airport]], killing all 72 people on board.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last1=Prasai |first1=Sangam |last2=Pietsch |first2=Bryan |last3=Kasulis Cho |first3=Kelly |date=16 January 2023 |title='No survivors' in Nepal plane crash, official says |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/01/16/nepal-plane-crash-no-survivors-yeti/ |access-date=16 January 2023 |url-access=limited |archive-date=16 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116112625/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/01/16/nepal-plane-crash-no-survivors-yeti/ |url-status=live }}</ref>