Editing January 13 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[27 BC]] &ndash; [[Augustus|Octavian]] transfers the state to the free disposal of the [[Roman Senate]] and the people. He receives [[Hispania|Spain]], [[Roman Gaul|Gaul]], and [[Roman Syria|Syria]] as his province for ten years.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1989|page=198|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref> 
* [[532]] &ndash; The [[Nika riots]] break out, during the racing season at the [[Hippodrome]] in [[Constantinople]], as a result of discontent with the rule of the Emperor [[Justinian I]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Marcellinus (comes)|author-link1=Marcellinus Comes|first2=Brian|last2=Croke|first3=Theodor|last3=Mommsen|author-link3=Theodor Mommsen|title=The Chronicle of Marcellinus: A Translation and Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8WMbAAAAYAAJ|year=1995|publisher=Australian Association for Byzantine Studies|isbn=978-0-9593626-6-4|page=125}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=John|last1=Freely|author-link1=John Freely|first2=Anthony|last2=Glyn|title=The Companion Guide to Istanbul and Around the Marmara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gxwB5fQeMWIC&pg=PA86|year=2000|publisher=Companion Guides|isbn=978-1-900639-31-6|pages=86}}</ref>
*[[1435]] &ndash; ''[[Sicut Dudum]]'', forbidding the enslavement by the Spanish of the [[Guanches|Guanche]] natives in [[Canary Islands]] who had converted, or were converting to, Christianity, is promulgated by [[Pope Eugene IV]].
*[[1547]] &ndash; [[Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey]], is sentenced to death for treason, on the grounds of having quartered his arms to make them similar to those of the King, [[Henry VIII of England]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Henry Howard Earl of Surrey|author-link1=Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey|author2=Thomas Sackville Earl of Dorset|author-link2=Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset|first3=Nicholas|last3=Grimald|author-link3=Nicholas Grimald|author4=Thomas Vaux Baron Vaux|author-link4=Thomas Vaux, 2nd Baron Vaux of Harrowden|title=Poetical Works of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey: Minor Contemporaneous Poets, and Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tuY-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA30|year=1854|publisher=J. W. Parker|page=30}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1793]] &ndash; [[Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville]], representative of [[Revolutionary France]], is lynched by a mob in Rome.
*[[1797]] &ndash; [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: A [[Action of 13 January 1797|naval battle]] between a French [[ship of the line]] and two British frigates off the coast of [[Brittany]] ends with the French vessel running aground, resulting in over 900 deaths.
*[[1815]] &ndash; [[War of 1812]]: [[British Empire|British]] troops capture [[Battle of Fort Peter|Fort Peter]] in [[St. Marys, Georgia]], the only battle of the war to take place in the state.
*[[1822]] &ndash; The design of the [[Flag of Greece|Greek flag]] is adopted by the [[First National Assembly at Epidaurus]].
*[[1833]] &ndash; United States President [[Andrew Jackson]] writes to [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] elect [[Martin Van Buren]] expressing his opposition to [[South Carolina]]'s defiance of federal authority in the [[Nullification Crisis]].
*[[1840]] &ndash; The steamship ''[[Lexington (steamship)|Lexington]]'' burns and sinks four miles off the coast of [[Long Island]] with the loss of 139 lives.
*[[1842]] &ndash; Dr. [[William Brydon]], an assistant surgeon in the British [[East India Company]] Army during the [[First Anglo-Afghan War]], becomes famous for being the [[1842 retreat from Kabul|sole survivor of an army]] of 4,500 men and 12,000 [[camp follower]]s when he reaches the safety of a garrison in [[Jalalabad]], Afghanistan.
*[[1847]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Cahuenga]] ends the [[Mexican–American War]] in [[California]].
*[[1849]] &ndash; Establishment of the [[Colony of Vancouver Island]].
*  1849   &ndash; Second Anglo-Sikh War: [[Battle of Chillianwala]]: British forces retreat from the Sikhs.
*[[1888]] &ndash; The [[National Geographic Society]] is founded in Washington, D.C.
*[[1893]] &ndash; The [[Independent Labour Party]] of the United Kingdom holds its first meeting.
*  1893   &ndash; [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] land in [[Honolulu|Honolulu, Hawaii]] from the {{USS|Boston|1884|6}} to prevent the queen from abrogating the [[1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii|Bayonet Constitution]].
*[[1895]] &ndash; [[First Italo-Ethiopian War]]: The war's opening battle, the [[Battle of Coatit]], occurs; it is an Italian victory.
*[[1898]] &ndash; [[Émile Zola]]'s ''[[J'accuse…!]]'' exposes the [[Dreyfus affair]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; To combat [[Czech nationalism]], Emperor [[Franz Joseph]] decrees [[German language|German]] will be language of the [[Austro-Hungarian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1989|page=10|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1908]] &ndash; The [[Rhoads Opera House fire]] in [[Boyertown, Pennsylvania]] kills 171 people.
*[[1915]] &ndash; The 6.7 {{M|w}} [[1915 Avezzano earthquake|Avezzano earthquake]] shakes the [[Province of L'Aquila]] in Italy with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of XI (''Extreme''), killing between 29,978 and 32,610.
*[[1920]] &ndash; The [[Reichstag Bloodbath|Reichstag Bloodbath of January 13, 1920]], the bloodiest demonstration in German history.{{sfn|Liang|1970|p=98}}{{sfn|Weipert|2012|p=16}}{{sfn|Fisher|1948|p=120}} 
*[[1935]] &ndash; A [[1935 Saar status referendum|plebiscite]] in [[Saar (League of Nations)|Saarland]] shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to no more [[Territory_of_the_Saar_Basin|being a "region occupied and governed by the United Kingdom and France"]].
*[[1939]] &ndash; The [[Black Friday bushfires]] burn {{convert|20,000|km2}} of land in Australia, claiming the lives of 71 people.
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[Henry Ford]] patents a [[soybean car]], which is 30% lighter than a regular car.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://patentyogi.com/this-day-in-patent-history/this-day-in-patent-history-on-january-13-1942-henry-ford-patented-a-soybean-car-a-plastic-car-which-is-30-lighter-than-a-regular-car/ |title=This Day in Patent History - On January 13, 1942, Henry Ford patented a Soybean car (a plastic car), which is 30% lighter than a regular car |date=13 January 2016 |publisher=Patent Yogi LLC |access-date=13 January 2021 |archive-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115203100/https://patentyogi.com/this-day-in-patent-history/this-day-in-patent-history-on-january-13-1942-henry-ford-patented-a-soybean-car-a-plastic-car-which-is-30-lighter-than-a-regular-car/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*  1942   &ndash; [[World War II]]: First use of an aircraft [[ejection seat]] by a German test pilot in a [[Heinkel He 280]] jet fighter.
*[[1950]] &ndash; British submarine {{HMS|Truculent|P315|6}} collides with an oil tanker in the [[Thames Estuary]], killing 64 men.
*  1950   &ndash; Finland forms [[China–Finland relations|diplomatic relations]] with the People's Republic of China.
*[[1951]] &ndash; [[First Indochina War]]: The [[Battle of Vĩnh Yên]] begins.
*[[1953]] &ndash; An article appears in ''[[Pravda]]'' accusing some of the most prestigious and prominent doctors, mostly Jews, in the Soviet Union of taking part in a [[Doctors' plot|vast plot]] to poison members of the top Soviet political and military leadership.
*[[1958]] &ndash; The [[Moroccan Army of Liberation]] ambushes a Spanish patrol in the [[Ifni War|Battle of Edchera]].
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[1963 Togolese coup d'état|Coup d'état]] in [[Togo]] results in the assassination of president [[Sylvanus Olympio]].
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Violence against Muslims in India|Anti-Muslim]] riots break out in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], in response to [[1964 East Pakistan riots|anti-Hindu riots]] in [[East Pakistan]]. About one hundred people are killed.
*  1964   &ndash; In [[Manchester, New Hampshire]], fourteen-year-old Pamela Mason is murdered. Edward Coolidge is tried and convicted of the crime, but the conviction is set aside by the landmark [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment]] case [[Coolidge v. New Hampshire]] (1971).
*[[1966]] &ndash; [[Robert C. Weaver]] becomes the first [[African American]] Cabinet member when he is appointed [[United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]].
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Johnny Cash]] [[At Folsom Prison|performs live]] at [[Folsom State Prison]].
*[[1972]] &ndash; Prime Minister [[Kofi Abrefa Busia]] and President [[Edward Akufo-Addo]] of [[Ghana]] are ousted in a bloodless [[Coup d'état|military coup]] by Colonel [[Ignatius Kutu Acheampong]].
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 1045]], a [[Douglas DC-8]] jet, crashes onto the runway during takeoff from [[Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport]], killing five.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-8-62AF JA8054 Anchorage International Airport, AK (ANC)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19770113-0|access-date=2020-11-05|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]|archive-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204151714/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19770113-0|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1978]] &ndash; United States [[Food and Drug Administration]] requires all [[blood donation]]s to be labeled "paid" or "volunteer" donors.
*[[1982]] &ndash; Shortly after takeoff, [[Air Florida Flight 90]], a [[Boeing 737]] jet, crashes into [[Washington, D.C.]]'s [[14th Street bridges|14th Street Bridge]] and falls into the [[Potomac River]], killing 78 including four motorists.
*[[1985]] &ndash; A passenger train [[Awash rail disaster|plunges into a ravine]] in [[Ethiopia]], killing 428 in the worst railroad disaster in Africa.
*[[1986]] &ndash; A month-long violent struggle begins in [[Aden|Aden, South Yemen]] between supporters of [[Ali Nasir Muhammad]] and [[Abdul Fattah Ismail]], resulting in thousands of casualties.
*[[1988]] &ndash; [[Lee Teng-hui]] becomes the first [[Taiwanese people|native Taiwanese]] [[President of the Republic of China]].
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Douglas Wilder]] becomes the first elected African American governor as he takes office as [[Governor of Virginia]] in [[Richmond, Virginia]].
*[[1991]] &ndash; Soviet Union troops [[January Events (Lithuania)|attack]] [[Lithuania]]n independence supporters in [[Vilnius]], killing 14 people and wounding around 1,000 others. 
*[[1993]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] heads for space for the third time as [[STS-54]] launches from the [[Kennedy Space Center]].
*  1993   &ndash; The [[Chemical Weapons Convention]] (CWC) is signed.<ref name=untc>{{cite web|work=United Nations Treaty Collection|url=http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-3&chapter=26&lang=en|title=Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407202014/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-3&chapter=26&lang=en|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*  1993   &ndash; [[Operation Southern Watch]]: [[January 1993 airstrikes on Iraq|U.S.A.F., U.S.N., R.A.F. and French Air Force jets attack AAA and SAM sites in Southern Iraq.]]<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gellman|first1=Barton|last2=Devroy|first2=Ann|date=January 14, 1993|title=U.S. DELIVERS LIMITED AIR STRIKE ON IRAQ|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/01/14/us-delivers-limited-air-strike-on-iraq/1f0dad2d-dbf7-4452-84a6-24459c5e3923/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[Alfredo Ormando]] sets himself on fire in [[St. Peter's Square]], protesting against [[homophobia]].
*[[2000]] &ndash; A [[Short 360]] aircraft chartered by the [[Sirte Oil Company]] [[2000 Marsa Brega Short 360 crash|crashes]] off the coast of [[Brega]], Libya, killing 21.<ref name="Final Report">{{cite web |title=Final Report HB-AAM |url=https://www.sust.admin.ch/inhalte/AV-berichte/1732.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009185938/https://www.sust.admin.ch/inhalte/AV-berichte/1732.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2021 |publisher=Libyan Civil Aviation Authority |via=Swiss Transportation Safety Investigation Board }} - [http://reports.aviation-safety.net/2000/20000113-0_SH36_HB-AAM.pdf Alternate link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103084435/https://reports.aviation-safety.net/2000/20000113-0_SH36_HB-AAM.pdf |date=2024-01-03 }} from the [[Aviation Safety Network]].</ref>
*[[2001]] &ndash; An [[January 2001 El Salvador earthquake#The January 13 earthquake|earthquake]] hits [[El Salvador]], killing more than 800.
*[[2012]] &ndash; The passenger [[cruise ship]] ''[[Costa Concordia]]'' [[Costa Concordia disaster|sinks]] off the coast of Italy due to the captain [[Francesco Schettino]]'s negligence and irresponsibility. There are 32 confirmed deaths.
*[[2018]] &ndash; A [[2018 Hawaii false missile alert|false emergency alert]] warning of an impending missile strike in [[Hawaii]] causes widespread panic in the state.
*[[2020]] &ndash; The Thai [[Ministry of Public Health (Thailand)|Ministry of Public Health]] confirms the first case of [[COVID-19]] outside China.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=2022-01-05|title=CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline|url=https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covid19.html|access-date=2022-01-11|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|archive-date=2023-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523041908/https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covid19.html|url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[2021]] &ndash; Outgoing [[U.S. President]] [[Donald Trump]] is [[Second impeachment of Donald Trump|impeached for a second time]] on a charge of incitement of insurrection following the [[January 6 United States Capitol attack]] one week prior.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trump impeached for 'inciting' US Capitol riot in historic second charge|work=BBC News|date=14 January 2021|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-55656385|access-date=14 January 2021|archive-date=23 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123174152/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-55656385|url-status=live}}</ref>