Editing Jan Swammerdam (section)

==Education==

[[File:Beijer, Jan de (1703-1780), Afb 010001000416.jpg|thumb|Oudeschans, drawing by [[Jan de Beijer]] ]]

Johannes Swammerdam was baptized on 15 February 1637 in the [[Oude Kerk (Amsterdam)|Oude Kerk]] Amsterdam. His father Jan (or Johannes) Jacobsz (-1678) was an [[apothecary]] and an amateur collector of [[minerals]], coins, [[fossils]], and [[insects]] from around the world. In 1632 he married Baartje Jans (-1660) in [[Weesp]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/46914 | title=Jan Jacobsz. Swammerdam | access-date=2023-05-19 | archive-date=2023-05-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519050854/https://www.vondel.humanities.uva.nl/ecartico/persons/46914 | url-status=live }}</ref> The couple lived across the [[Montelbaanstoren]], near the harbour, the headquarter and the warehouses of the [[Dutch West India Company]] where an uncle worked. Some of their children were buried in the [[Walloon church]], likewise Jan himself (who never married) and his father.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Scheltema |first=Pieter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7kRSAAAAcAAJ&dq=Swammerdam+Indischeraven&pg=RA2-PA104 |title=Aemstel's oudheid of gedenkwaardigheden van Amsterdam |date=1863 |publisher=Scheltema |pages=103–107 |language=nl}}</ref>

As a youngster, Swammerdam had helped his father to take care of his [[cabinet of curiosities|curiosity collection]]. Despite his father's wish that he should study [[theology]] Swammerdam started to study medicine in 1661 at the [[University of Leiden]]. He studied under the guidance of [[Johannes van Horne]] and [[Franciscus Sylvius]]. Among his fellow students were [[Frederik Ruysch]], [[Reinier de Graaf]], [[Ole Borch]], [[Theodor Kerckring]], [[Steven Blankaart]], [[Burchard de Volder]], [[Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus]] and [[Niels Stensen]]. While studying medicine Swammerdam started his own collection of insects.<ref name="BRILL">{{Cite book|title=The History of Science in the Netherlands: Survey, Themes and Reference|author1=Klaas Van Berkel |author2=Albert Van Helden |author3=L. C. Palm |publisher=BRILL|year=1999|isbn=9789004100060|pages=570}}</ref>

In 1663 Swammerdam moved to France to continue his studies. It seems together with Steno.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/jori009boec01_01/jori009boec01_01_0005.php |title=Het 'Boeck der Natuere' (2006) by Eric Jorink, p. 231 |access-date=2023-05-20 |archive-date=2023-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520062517/https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/jori009boec01_01/jori009boec01_01_0005.php |url-status=live }}</ref> He studied for one year at the Protestant [[University of Saumur]], under the guidance of [[Tanaquil Faber]]. Subsequently, he studied in Paris at the scientific academy of [[Melchisédech Thévenot]]. 1665 he returned to the [[Dutch Republic]] and joined a group of physicians who performed [[dissections]] and published their findings. Between 1666 and 1667 Swammerdam concluded his study of medicine at the University of Leiden; he received his doctorate in medicine in 1667 under van Horne for his dissertation on the mechanism of [[respiratory system|respiration]], published under the title ''De respiratione usuque pulmonum''.<ref name="BRILL"/>

Together with van Horne, he researched the [[anatomy]] of the [[uterus]]. The result of this research was published under the title ''Miraculum naturae sive uteri muliebris fabrica'' in 1672. Swammerdam accused Reinier de Graaf of taking credit of discoveries he and Van Horne had made earlier regarding the importance of the ovary and its eggs.
He used waxen injection techniques and a single-lens [[microscope]] made by [[Johannes Hudde]].