Editing Jamaica, Vermont (section)

==History==

[[File:View of Jamaica Village, VT.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Jamaica Village in {{circa|1907}}]]
In the [[American Colonial Period|colonial period]], what is now Vermont was disputed territory, with land claims from both [[New York State|New York]] and [[New Hampshire]]. The original grants for this area, issued by the [[List of colonial governors of New York|Royal Governor of New York]] in 1767 and 1772, were for two towns. But in 1777, the [[Vermont Republic|Republic of Vermont]] was established. Ignoring the previous grants, it gave charter on November 7, 1780, for “a tract of vacant land within this state which has not heretofore been granted.”

The charter goes on to say “that the same be and is hereby Incorporated into a Township by the name of Jamaica”—its name from the [[Massachusett language|Natick]] word for [[beaver]] and not the [[Jamaica|Caribbean island]]. The grant encompassed forty-two square miles, at an altitude ranging from {{convert|688|ft|m}} above sea level along the [[West River (Vermont)|West River]] to {{convert|2,542|ft|m}} on The Pinnacle. On the charter were listed sixty-seven grantees, many of whose surnames can be found among residents today.

Earliest settlement of the town was along the West River near the Wardsboro Bridge, now called East Jamaica, where the first school was established in 1791; however, the building of new roads and bridges towards [[Manchester, Vermont|Manchester]] advanced settlement westward, so that by 1800 the town center was shifting to Jamaica Village. Within the entire forty-two square-mile township developed as many as ten separate [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]], each surrounded by outlying [[farm]]s and linked to Jamaica Village by a network of roads. Eventually there were as many as fourteen [[one-room school]]s which served the families in the outlying areas.

In the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Jamaica Village also assumed increasing importance as a manufacturing center, largely for topographical reasons. Located near the [[confluence]] of the West River and Ball Mountain Brook, the area offered a strategic location for bridges, [[dam]]s and [[water mill|mills]]. Along Ball Mountain Brook alone there were numerous dams, each providing power for at least one mill. The first store, Noon House, was built in 1803. The popularity of Noon House led to the building in 1814 of Jamaica House, which provided a convenient overnight spot for travelers at the midpoint between Manchester and Brattleboro.<ref>Booker (1940). ''Historical Notes: Jamaica, Vermont''.  Brattleboro, Vermont: E.L. Hildreth & Co., Inc.</ref>

[[File:RobinsonTheodoreJamaicaVermont.jpg|thumb|left|200px|'''''Jamaica, Vermont''''' (1895) by [[Theodore Robinson]]]]
Like many Vermont communities, the town's economy prospered with the introduction of [[Merino sheep]] in the early nineteenth century. The [[sheep]] flourished on rocky hillsides, and as their numbers increased, bare land replaced forests, but this prosperity did not last. The [[Panic of 1873|depression]] that followed the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], and the decline in the [[wool]] market, took their toll on the economy.

Many sons of Jamaica served with the [[Union Army]] during the Civil War.  Windham County contributed heavily to manning the [[4th Vermont Infantry]] and nearly all of Jamaica's men joined Company I of that regiment.  This regiment saw heavy combat throughout the war but the [[Battle of the Wilderness]] took the greatest toll on those from the village of Jamaica.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vermontcivilwar.org/units/4/company.php/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120721144522/http://vermontcivilwar.org/units/4/company.php/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=July 21, 2012|title=Vermont Civil War, Lest We Forget|website=vermontcivilwar.org}}</ref>  One of Jamaica's soldiers, Sergeant [[Henry W. Downs]] of Company I, [[8th Vermont Infantry]], won the [[Medal of Honor]] for bravery under fire.

In 1869, a great [[flood]] carried away “a mile of bridges” and damaged every dam on Ball Mountain Brook.  Because of its setting near the river and the region's heavy snows, Jamaica has suffered through many damaging floods in the more than two hundred years since its founding.

During this period, Jamaica and other towns in the West River Valley bonded together in a venture that was seen as the salvation of the area’s economic woes, the [[West River Railroad]]. Originally chartered in 1867, the proposed [[railroad]] was to run from Brattleboro to [[Whitehall (village), New York|Whitehall, New York]]. In 1877, financing provided by the valley towns moved the languishing project forward with the first segment from Brattleboro to [[Londonderry, Vermont|Londonderry]]. Although it was never extended farther, the railroad provided valuable public transportation for the lower West River Valley until the 1930s, by which time [[automobile]] ownership had become almost universal.