Editing Jakarta (section)

==Name==
Jakarta has been home to multiple [[Human settlement|settlements]]. Below is the list of names used during its existence:
* [[Buni culture|Buni people]] (400 BC–500 AD)
* [[Tarumanagara|Sundapura]] (358–669)
* [[Sunda Kelapa]] (669–1527)
* {{flagicon|Banten Sultanate}} Jayakarta (1527–1619)
* {{flagicon|Dutch East Indies}} [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] (1619–1949)
* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Djakarta (1942–1972)
* {{flagicon|Indonesia}} Jakarta (1972–present)

The [[Buni culture|Buni people]] is a prehistoric [[clay pottery]] culture that flourished in coastal northern [[West Java]], Jakarta, and [[Banten]] around 400 BC to 100 AD{{sfn|Zahorka|2007}}{{pn|date=October 2024}} and survived until 500 AD.

[[Tarumanagara|Sundapura]] is the name mentioned in the [[Tugu inscription]] from [[Tarumanagara]], a kingdom in coastal West Java. The strategic geographical position of coastal West Java, which corresponds to today modern Jakarta, is a commanding region that controls the Sunda Strait. This location is strategic in regard to [[Sumatra]] and also its connection to Asian continent of [[India]] and [[China]].

After the fall of the Tarumanagara, the name of city was changed to 'Sunda Kelapa' or 'Coconut of Sunda,' growing to be the main harbour for the [[Sunda Kingdom]] due to its desirable location.<ref name="names">{{cite news |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/28/the-capitals-childhood-names.html |title=The capital's 'childhood' names |newspaper=The Jakarta Post |access-date=28 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128191351/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/01/28/the-capitals-childhood-names.html |archive-date=28 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.exploresunda.com/batavia-jakarta.html |title=Sunda Kelapa – Batavia – Jakarta Jakarta's History in a Glance|work=Explore Sunda |access-date=14 April 2024}}</ref>

The name 'Jakarta' is derived from the word ''Jayakarta'' ([[Devanagari]]: जयकर्त), which is ultimately derived from the [[Sanskrit]] जय ''jaya'' (victorious),<ref>{{cite web |work=Sanskrit Dictionary |title=jaya |url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=jaya&trans=Translate&direction=SE |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731043538/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=jaya&trans=Translate&direction=SE |archive-date=31 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and कृत ''krta'' (accomplished, acquired),<ref>{{cite web |work=Sanskrit Dictionary |title=krta |url=http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=krta+&trans=Translate&direction=SE |access-date=11 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731044135/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?script=DI&beginning=0+&tinput=krta+&trans=Translate&direction=SE |archive-date=31 July 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> thus ''Jayakarta'' translates as 'victorious deed', 'complete act', or 'complete victory'. It was named for the Muslim troops of [[Fatahillah]] which successfully defeated and drove the Portuguese away from the city in 1527, eventually renaming it 'Jayakarta.'<ref name="jakarta-news-2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.beritajakarta.com/english/AboutJakarta/HistoryofJakarta.asp |title=History of Jakarta |work=Jakarta News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820052725/http://www.beritajakarta.com/english/AboutJakarta/HistoryofJakarta.asp |archive-date=20 August 2011}}</ref> [[Tomé Pires]], a Portuguese apothecary, wrote the name of the city in his [[Suma Oriental|magnum opus]] as ''Jacatra'' or ''Jacarta'' during his journey to the [[East Indies]].{{sfn|Cortesão|1990|pp=27–32}}

After the Dutch East India Company took over the area in 1619, they renamed it 'Batavia,' after the [[Batavi (Germanic tribe)|Batavi]], a Germanic tribe who were seen as the ancestors of the Dutch. The city was then also known as {{lang|nl|Koningin van het Oosten}} (Queen of the Orient), a name that was given for the urban beauty of [[Kota, Jakarta|downtown Batavia]]'s [[Gracht|canals]], mansions and ordered city layout.{{sfn|Kampen|1831|p=291}} After expanding to the south in the 19th century, this nickname came to be more associated with the suburbs (e.g. [[Menteng]] and the area around [[Merdeka Square, Jakarta|Merdeka Square]]), with their wide lanes, green spaces and villas.<ref>{{in lang|nl}} "{{lang|nl|Batavia zoals het weent en lacht}}", (17 October 1939), {{lang|nl|Het Nieuws van den Dag voor Nederlandsch-Indië}}, p. 6</ref>

During the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Japanese occupation]], the city was renamed as {{nihongo||ジャカルタ特別市|''Jakaruta Tokubetsu-shi''|Jakarta Special City}}.<ref name="names"/> After the Japanese surrender, the name was changed to 'Jakarta.'<ref name="names" />