Editing Jaguar Cars (section)

==History==
===Founding===
The [[Swallow Sidecar Company]] was founded in 1922 by two motorcycle enthusiasts, [[William Lyons]] and [[William Walmsley]]. In 1934, Walmsley elected to sell-out and in order to buy the Swallow business (but not the company which was liquidated) Lyons formed [[SS Cars]], finding new capital by issuing shares to the public.

Jaguar first appeared in September 1935 as a model name on an SS 2½-litre [[saloon (car)|sports saloon]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Design Evolution: 80 Years of Jaguar – Part 1 |url=https://www.jaguar.com/about-jaguar/80-years-of-jaguar/80-years-of-jaguar-part-1.html |website=Jaguar |publisher=Jaguar Land Rover |access-date=7 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar.com/uk/en/company/overview/heritage/1932_1935.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601055210/http://www.jaguar.com/uk/en/company/overview/heritage/1932_1935.htm|archive-date=1 June 2009|title=The Years 1932 to 1935 |publisher=Jaguar Cars Ltd. |access-date=26 December 2008 }}</ref> A matching open two seater sports model with a 3½-litre engine was named [[SS Jaguar 100]].

On 23 March 1945, the S. S. Cars shareholders in general meeting agreed to change the company's name to Jaguar Cars Limited. Said chairman William Lyons "Unlike S. S. the name Jaguar is distinctive and cannot be connected or confused with any similar foreign name."<ref>S.S. Cars Limited ''[[The Times]]'' 4 April 1945 page 10</ref>

Though five years of pent-up demand ensured plenty of buyers production was hampered by shortage of materials, particularly steel, issued to manufacturers until the 1950s by a central planning authority under strict government control.  Jaguar sold [[Motor Panels]], a pressed steel body manufacturing company bought in the late 1930s, to steel and components manufacturer [[Rubery Owen]],<ref name=Motor197202>{{cite journal| title =The Lyons share – interview with WL| journal = Motor| pages = 18–21|date = 19 February 1972}}</ref> and Jaguar bought from [[John Black (businessman)|John Black]]'s [[Standard Motor Company]] the plant where Standard built Jaguar's six-cylinder engines.<ref name=Motor197202/> From this time Jaguar was entirely dependent for their bodies on external suppliers, in particular then independent [[Pressed Steel Company|Pressed Steel]] and in 1966 that carried them into BMC, BMH and British Leyland.

[[File:1953 Jaguar C-Type - fvr.jpg|left|thumb|1953 [[Jaguar C-Type]]]]
[[File:1956JaguarD-TypeLongNose.jpg|left|thumb|1956 [[Jaguar D-Type]]]]

Jaguar made its name by producing a series of successful eye-catching sports cars, the [[Jaguar XK120]] (1948–54), [[Jaguar XK140]] (1954–57), [[Jaguar XK150]] (1957–61), and [[Jaguar E-Type]] (1961–75), all embodying Lyons' mantra of "value for money".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://silkcat.ca/articles/jaguar/ |title=Jaguar |access-date=22 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109021252/http://silkcat.ca/articles/jaguar/ |archive-date=9 January 2014 }}</ref> The sports cars were successful in international motorsport, a path followed in the 1950s to prove the engineering integrity of the company's products.

Jaguar's sales slogan for years was "Grace, Space, Pace",<ref name="Grace, Space, Pace">"The classic has to be "Grace... Space... Pace," which was used throughout the 1950s and 1960s". {{cite web |url=http://editorial.autos.msn.com/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1156667&page=0 |publisher=MSN |year=2010 |title=Jaguar: A History of Grace and Pace |last=Clausager |first=Anders Ditlev |access-date=2 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327205555/http://editorial.autos.msn.com/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1156667&page=0 |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a mantra epitomised by the record sales achieved by the MK VII, IX, Mks I and II saloons and later the XJ6.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} During the time this slogan was used, but the exact text varied.<ref name="C4Wauto-3368553">{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar-world.com/blogs/editors-blog/773-january-issue-of-jaguar-world-editors-welcome |title=Grace… Space… Pace |work=jaguar-world.com |date=13 December 2012 |access-date=27 March 2014 |first=Paul |last=Walton |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327205958/http://www.jaguar-world.com/blogs/editors-blog/773-january-issue-of-jaguar-world-editors-welcome |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="C4Wauto-9442418">{{cite web |url=http://www.themomentmagazine.com/motoring/jaguar-75-years-of-grace-space-and-pace/ |title=Jaguar: 75 Years of Grace, Space and Pace |work=themomentmagazine.com |date=19 November 2010 |access-date=27 March 2014 |first=Brave Creative |last=Peterborough}}</ref><ref name="C4Wauto-4937047">{{cite web |url=http://typophile.com/files/1306381302_a13c957db6_4840.jpg |title=1306381302_a13c957db6_4840.jpg (JPEG Image, 374 × 500 pixels) |work=typophile.com |date=28 August 2011 |access-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327210823/http://typophile.com/files/1306381302_a13c957db6_4840.jpg |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="C4Wauto-4268228">{{cite web |url=http://31.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lwqh6th15q1qchs1zo1_1280.jpg |title=tumblr_lwqh6th15q1qchs1zo1_1280.jpg (JPEG Image, 1280 × 1256 pixels) |work=31.media.tumblr.com |date=24 December 2011 |access-date=27 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327210910/http://31.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lwqh6th15q1qchs1zo1_1280.jpg |archive-date=27 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The core of Bill Lyons' success following the [[Second World War]] was the [[Jaguar XK6 engine|twin-cam straight six]] engine, conceived pre-war and realised while engineers at the Coventry plant were dividing their time between fire-watching and designing the new power plant.  It had a hemispherical cross-flow cylinder head with valves inclined from the vertical; originally at 30&nbsp;degrees (inlet) and 45&nbsp;degrees (exhaust) and later standardised to 45 degrees for both inlet and exhaust.

As fuel [[octane]] ratings were relatively low from 1948 onwards, three piston configuration were offered: domed (high octane), flat (medium octane), and dished (low octane).

The main designer, [[William Heynes]], assisted by [[Walter Hassan]], was determined to develop the Twin [[Overhead camshaft|OHC]] unit. Bill Lyons agreed over misgivings from Hassan. It was risky to take what had previously been considered a racing or low-volume and cantankerous engine needing constant fettling and apply it to reasonable volume production saloon cars.

The subsequent engine (in various versions) was the mainstay powerplant of Jaguar, used in the XK 120, Mk VII Saloon, Mk I and II Saloons and XK 140 and 150. It was also employed in the E Type, itself a development from the race winning and Le Mans conquering C and D Type Sports Racing cars refined as the short-lived XKSS, a road-legal D-Type.

[[File:Jaguar e-type.jpg|thumb|[[Jaguar E-Type]] Convertible]]
[[File:Jaguar XK6 engine 1.jpg|right|thumb|[[Jaguar XK6 engine|XK engine]] in a [[Jaguar E-Type]]]]
[[File:Daimler Super V8 (3).png|thumb|[[Daimler Company|Daimler]] Super V8 (1998)]]
Few engine types have demonstrated such ubiquity and longevity: Jaguar used the Twin OHC ''XK Engine'', as it came to be known, in the Jaguar XJ6 saloon from 1969 through 1992, and employed in a J60 variant as the power plant in such diverse vehicles as the British Army's [[Combat Vehicle Reconnaissance (Tracked)]] family of vehicles, as well as the [[Fox armoured reconnaissance vehicle]], the [[Ferret armoured car|Ferret Scout Car]], and the Stonefield four-wheel-drive all-terrain lorry. Properly maintained, the standard production XK Engine would achieve 200,000 miles of useful life.

Two of the proudest moments in Jaguar's long history in motor sport involved winning the [[24 Hours of Le Mans|Le Mans 24 hours race]], firstly in 1951 and again in 1953. Victory at the 1955 Le Mans was overshadowed by it being the occasion of [[1955 Le Mans disaster|the worst motorsport accident in history]]. Later in the hands of the Scottish racing team Ecurie Ecosse two more wins were added in 1956 and 1957.

In spite of such a performance orientation, it was always Lyons' intention to build the business by producing world-class sporting saloons in larger numbers than the sports car market could support. Jaguar secured financial stability and a reputation for excellence with a series of elegantly styled luxury saloons that included the 3-litre and 3½ litre cars, the Mark VII, VIII, and IX, the compact Mark I and 2, and the XJ6 and XJ12. All were deemed very good values, with comfortable rides, good handling, high performance, and great style.

Combined with the trend-setting XK 120, XK 140, and XK 150 series of sports car, and nonpareil E-Type,{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} Jaguar's elan as a prestige motorcar manufacturer had few rivals. The company's post-War achievements are remarkable, considering both the shortages that drove Britain (the [[Ministry of Supply]] still allocated raw materials) and the state of metallurgical development of the era.

===Daimler===
In 1950, Jaguar agreed to lease from the Ministry of Supply the Daimler Shadow 2 factory in [[Browns Lane plant|Browns Lane]], Allesley, Coventry, which at the time was being used by [[Daimler Company|Daimler]] and moved to the new site from Foleshill over the next 12 months.<ref name=LyonsBio>'Sir William Lyons – The Official Biography', Philip Porter & Paul Skilleter, page 120 onwards</ref> Jaguar purchased Daimler, not to be confused with [[Daimler-Benz]] or [[Mercedes-Benz Group|Daimler AG]], in 1960 from [[Birmingham Small Arms Company|BSA]]. From the late 1960s, Jaguar used the Daimler marque as a brand name for their most luxurious saloons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar.com/uk/en/company/overview/heritage/1968_1979.htm |title=The Years 1968 to 1979 |publisher=Jaguar Cars|access-date=26 December 2008 |archive-date=1 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601052928/http://www.jaguar.com/uk/en/company/overview/heritage/1968_1979.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== An end to independence (1965–1984) ===
[[Pressed Steel Company]] Limited made all Jaguar's ([[monocoque]]) bodies leaving provision and installation of the mechanicals to Jaguar. In mid-1965 [[British Motor Corporation]] (BMC), the [[Austin Motor Company|Austin]]-[[Morris Motors|Morris]] combine, bought Pressed Steel.<ref>{{cite book |last= Utton|first= M. A.|year= 2003|title= Market Dominance and Antitrust Policy|url= {{Google books|5c_SAgAAQBAJ|Market Dominance and Antitrust Policy|page=226|plainurl=yes}}|location= Cheltenham|publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]]|page= 226|isbn= 1-84064-728-0|lccn= 2002029832|access-date= 6 November 2014|chapter= 9 – Vertical integration and vertical mergers}}</ref> Lyons became concerned about the future of Jaguar, partly because of the threat to ongoing supplies of bodies, and partly because of his age and lack of an heir. He therefore accepted BMC's offer to merge with Jaguar to form British Motor (Holdings) Limited.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Douglas-Scott-Montagu|first1= Edward John Barrington|author-link1= Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 3rd Baron Montagu of Beaulieu|last2= Burgess-Wise|first2= David|author-link2= David Burgess-Wise |name-list-style= amp |year= 1995|title= Daimler Century: The full history of Britain's oldest car maker |location= Sparkford, Nr Yeovil, Somerset, UK|publisher= Patrick Stephens|isbn= 1-85260-494-8|chapter= Chapter 9 – Under New Management|page= 283|quote= ...Sir George Harriman of the British Motor Corporation (whose Pressed Steel subsidiary supplied Jaguar bodyshells) offered Lyons a 'logical and beneficial' merger deal, which would leave Jaguar operating under Lyons's chairmanship as 'a separate entity and with the greatest practical degree of autonomy' within a new organization called British Motor (Holdings) Limited.}}</ref> At a press conference on 11 July 1965 at the Great Eastern Hotel in London, Lyons and BMC chairman George Harriman announced, "Jaguar Group of companies is to merge with The British Motor Corporation Ltd., as the first step towards the setting up of a joint holding company to be called British Motor (Holdings) Limited". In due course BMC changed its name to [[British Motor Holdings]]<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title= British Motor Takes That New Label|date= 15 December 1966|page= 17|issue= 56815}}</ref> at the end of 1966.

BMH was pushed by the Government to merge with Leyland Motor Corporation Limited, manufacturer of [[Leyland Motors#Post war|Leyland bus and truck]], [[Standard Motor Company|Standard]]-[[Triumph Motor Company|Triumph]] and, since 1967, [[Rover Company|Rover]] vehicles. The result was [[British Leyland|British Leyland Motor Corporation]], a new holding company which appeared in 1968, but the combination was not a success. A combination of poor decision making by the board along with the financial difficulties of, especially, the Austin-Morris division (previously BMC) led to the [[Ryder Report (British Leyland)|Ryder Report]] and to effective nationalisation in 1975.{{Citation needed|date=November 2014}}

=== Temporary return to independence (1984–1989) ===
Over the next few years it became clear that because of the low regard for many of the group's products insufficient capital could be provided to develop and begin manufacture of new models, including Jaguars, particularly if Jaguar were to remain a part of the group.<ref>page 49, Andrew M. McLaughlin, William A. Maloney, ''The European Automobile Industry: Multi-Level Governance, Policy and Politics'' [[Taylor & Francis]] e-Library 2005. [https://books.google.com/books?id=vfyLSybp0ncC&dq=jaguar+independence&pg=RA1-PA49 accessed 31 Jan 2013]</ref>
[[File:Jaguar XJ X358 silver (1).jpg|thumb|[[Jaguar XJ]], a luxury sedan]]
In July 1984, Jaguar was floated off as a separate company on the [[London Stock Exchange]] – one of the [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] government's many [[privatisation]]s<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/nov/22/thatcher.politics1 |title=A whole world sold on sell-offs |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=26 December 2008 | location=London | first=Larry | last=Elliott | date=22 November 2000}}</ref>– to create its own track record.<ref>page 50, Andrew M. McLaughlin, William A. Maloney, ''The European Automobile Industry: Multi-Level Governance, Policy and Politics'' Taylor & Francis e-Library 2005.</ref>

Installed as chairman in 1980, [[John Egan (industrialist)|Sir John Egan]] is credited for Jaguar's unprecedented prosperity immediately after privatisation. In early 1986 Egan reported he had tackled the main problems that were holding Jaguar back from selling more cars: quality control, lagging delivery schedules, poor productivity. He laid off about one third of the company's roughly 10,000 employees to cut costs.<ref>Zetlin, M. (1986). John Egan: Tough leadership turns Jaguar around. ''Management Review'', 75(5), (May 1986) 20–20.</ref> Commentators later pointed out he exploited an elderly model range (on which all development costs had been written off) and raised prices. He also intensified the effort to improve Jaguar's quality. In the US the price increases were masked by a favourable exchange rate.<ref>The Badge on the Bonnet. ''The Times'' 3 November 1989; pg. 13; Issue 63542.</ref>

=== Ford era (1989–2008) ===
[[File:1997 Jaguar XK8 Coupe Automatic 4.0 Front.jpg|thumb|1997 [[Jaguar XK8]] Coupe 4.0]]

[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] made offers to Jaguar's US and UK shareholders to buy their shares in November 1989; Jaguar's listing on the [[London Stock Exchange]] was removed on 28 February 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar.com/int/en/jaguar_ownership/company/heritage/1989_1996.htm |title=The Years 1989 to 1996 |publisher=Jaguar Cars Ltd. |access-date=19 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624005733/http://www.jaguar.com/int/en/jaguar_ownership/company/heritage/1989_1996.htm |archive-date=24 June 2009 }}</ref> In 1999 it became part of Ford's new [[Premier Automotive Group]] along with [[Aston Martin]], [[Volvo Cars]] and, from 2000, [[Land Rover]]. Under Ford's ownership, Jaguar never made a profit.<ref>"Although Land Rover remains profitable, Ford has never managed to make money from its investment in Jaguar." {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7313380.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=26 March 2008|access-date=3 September 2013|title=Tata buys Jaguar in £1.15bn deal}}</ref>

Under Ford's ownership Jaguar expanded its range of products with the launch of the [[Jaguar S-Type (1999)|S-Type]] in 1999 and [[Jaguar X-Type|X-type]] in 2001. After PAG acquired Land Rover in May 2000 purchase by Ford, the brand became closely associated with Jaguar. In many countries they shared a common sales and distribution network (including shared dealerships), and some models shared components, although the only shared production facility was [[Halewood Body & Assembly]] – which manufactured the technically related X-Type and the Freelander 2. Operationally the two companies were effectively integrated under a common management structure within Ford's PAG.

On 11 June 2007, Ford announced that it planned to sell Jaguar, along with Land Rover and retained the services of [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[HSBC]] to advise it on the deal. The sale was initially expected to be announced by September 2007, but was delayed until March 2008. Private equity firms such as [[Alchemy Partners]] of the UK, [[TPG Capital]], [[Ripplewood Holdings]] (which hired former Ford Europe executive [[Nick Scheele|Sir Nick Scheele]] to head its bid), [[Cerberus Capital Management]] and [[One Equity Partners]] (owned by [[JPMorgan Chase]] and managed by former Ford executive [[Jacques Nasser]]) of the US, [[Tata Motors]] of India and a consortium comprising [[Mahindra & Mahindra]] (an automobile manufacturer from India) and [[Apollo Management]] all initially expressed interest in purchasing the [[marque]]s from Ford.<ref name="From Archive.org-6375467">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html |title=India's Tata confirms interest in Land Rover, Jaguar |work=Forbes |date=24 August 2007 |access-date=18 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208072836/http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/08/24/afx4052453.html |archive-date=8 December 2007 |url-status=dead |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |agency=AFX News Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/article3307647.ece |title=Tata in pole position to buy Jaguar and Land Rover marques from Ford |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=4 January 2008 |last=Clark |first=Nick |work=[[The Independent]]|location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105014035/http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/article3307647.ece |archive-date=5 January 2008 }}</ref>

Before the sale was announced, [[Anthony Bamford]], chairman of British excavator manufacturer [[JCB (heavy equipment manufacturer)|JCB]] had expressed interest in purchasing the company in August 2006,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2006/08/24/51974/jcbs-sir-anthony-bamford-eyes-jaguar.html |title=JCB's Sir Anthony Bamford eyes Jaguar |date=24 August 2006 |work=Contract Journal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531235919/http://www.contractjournal.com/Articles/2006/08/24/51974/jcbs-sir-anthony-bamford-eyes-jaguar.html |archive-date=31 May 2009 }}</ref> but backed out upon learning that the sale would also involve Land Rover, which he did not wish to buy. On Christmas Eve of 2007, Mahindra and Mahindra backed out of the race for both brands, citing complexities in the deal.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/MM_out_of_Jaguar_Land_Rover_race/articleshow/2646028.cms |title=M&M out of Jaguar, Land Rover race |access-date=24 December 2007 |date=24 December 2007 |publisher=Times News Network |last=Doval |first=Pankaj}}</ref>

=== Tata Motors era (2008–present) ===
[[File:Jaguar F-Type (53158697440).jpg|thumb|[[Jaguar F-Type]]]]
On 1 January 2008, Ford announced Tata as the preferred bidder.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1699920,00.html |title=Indian Company Top Bidder for Jaguar |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=3 January 2008 |agency=Associated Press |last=Krisher |first=Tom |magazine=Time |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106094214/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1699920,00.html |archive-date=6 January 2008 }}</ref> [[Tata Motors]] also received endorsements from the Transport And General Worker's Union (TGWU)-[[Amicus (trade union)|Amicus]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Tata_set_to_clinch_Jaguar-Land_Rover_deal_Report/articleshow/2637533.cms |title=Tata set to clinch Jaguar-Land Rover deal: Report |access-date=20 December 2007 |date=20 December 2007 |agency=Press Trust of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223113125/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Tata_set_to_clinch_Jaguar-Land_Rover_deal_Report/articleshow/2637533.cms |archive-date=23 December 2007 }}</ref> [[unite (trade union)|combine]] as well as from Ford.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/12/17/businesspro-ford-tata-dc-idUKL1657837520071217 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012063512/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/12/17/businesspro-ford-tata-dc-idUKL1657837520071217 |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 October 2012 |title=Ford set to pick Jaguar frontrunner in days: source |access-date=16 February 2011 |date=17 December 2007 |work=Reuters |first=Mathieu |last=Robbins}}</ref> According to the rules of the auction process, this announcement would not automatically disqualify any other potential suitor. However, Ford (as well as representatives of [[Unite (trade union)|Unite]]) would now be able to enter into detailed discussions with Tata concerning issues ranging from labour concerns (job security and pensions), technology (IT systems and engine production) and intellectual property,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=287b0b39-fab7-4219-923a-d1fb409d8f25&ParentID=6c3b0942-84e5-4997-b350-794d54521614&MatchID1=4626&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1165&MatchID2=4618&TeamID3=3&TeamID4=4&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1163&PrimaryID=4626&Headline=Super+car+technology+headed+for+Tata+stable |title=Super car technology headed for Tata stable |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=3 January 2008 |work=Hindustan Times |last=Ghosh |first=Suprotip |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105072608/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=287b0b39-fab7-4219-923a-d1fb409d8f25&ParentID=6c3b0942-84e5-4997-b350-794d54521614&MatchID1=4626&TeamID1=1&TeamID2=6&MatchType1=1&SeriesID1=1165&MatchID2=4618&TeamID3=3&TeamID4=4&MatchType2=1&SeriesID2=1163&PrimaryID=4626&Headline=Super%2Bcar%2Btechnology%2Bheaded%2Bfor%2BTata%2Bstable |archive-date=5 January 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> as well as the final sale price.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9f884a00-ba68-11dc-abcb-0000779fd2ac.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9f884a00-ba68-11dc-abcb-0000779fd2ac.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |title=Tata falls for the attraction of opposites |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=4 January 2008 |work=Financial Times |last1=Leahy |first1=Joe |first2=Bernard |last2=Simon|first3= Amy |last3=Yee}}</ref> Ford would also open its books for a more comprehensive [[due diligence]] by Tata.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/india/news/business/ball-nowtata-motors%E2%80%99-court-to-tie-up-deal-unite/22/39/319697 |title=Ball now in Tata Motors' court to tie-up deal: Unite |access-date=4 January 2008 |date=3 January 2008 |publisher=CNBC TV-18}}</ref> On 18 March 2008, [[Reuters]] reported that American bankers [[Citigroup]] and [[JPMorgan Chase|JP Morgan]] would finance the deal with a US$3 [[1000000000 (number)|billion]] loan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c0fba677-1cca-4a72-b13d-13e0a02747cc&&Headline=Tata+gets+%243+bln+loan+from+Citi%2c+JPMorgan%3a+source |title=Tata gets $3&nbsp;billion loan from Citi, JPMorgan: source |agency=Reuters |date=18 March 2008 |access-date=18 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207165822/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=c0fba677-1cca-4a72-b13d-13e0a02747cc&&Headline=Tata+gets+%243+bln+loan+from+Citi%2C+JPMorgan%3A+source |archive-date=7 December 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref>

On 26 March 2008, Ford announced that it had agreed to sell its Jaguar and Land Rover operations to Tata Motors of India, and that they expected to complete the sale by the end of the second quarter of 2008.<ref name="ford_20080326">{{cite press release |title=FORD MOTOR COMPANY ANNOUNCES AGREEMENT TO SELL JAGUAR LAND ROVER TO TATA MOTORS |publisher=Ford |date=26 March 2008 |url=http://media.ford.com/newsroom/release_display.cfm?release=27953 |access-date=27 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612192629/http://media.ford.com/newsroom/release_display.cfm?release=27953 |archive-date=12 June 2008 }}</ref> Included in the deal were the rights to three other British brands, Jaguar's own [[Daimler Company|Daimler]], as well as two dormant brands [[Lanchester Motor Company|Lanchester]] and [[Rover (marque)|Rover]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922 | title = 5 for 2 special: Tata acquires 3 other British marques in Jaguar, Land Rover deal | publisher = Leftlane News | date = 28 March 2008 | access-date = 28 March 2008 | archive-date = 5 March 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120305034339/http://www.leftlanenews.com/5-for-2-special-tata-acquires-3-other-british-marques-in-jaguar-land-rover-deal.html#more-6922 | url-status = dead }}</ref> On 2 June 2008, the sale to Tata was completed at a cost of £1.7&nbsp;billion.<ref name="r_20080602">{{cite news |title=Tata Motors completes acquisition of Jag, Land Rover |date=2 June 2008 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/ousiv/idUSBMA00084220080602 |access-date=2 June 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080630/FREE/940478590/1528/newsletter01 |title=On U.S. tour, Mr. Tata gives Jaguar and Rover dealers a hug: AutoWeek Magazine |publisher=Autoweek.com |access-date=4 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117204002/http://www.autoweek.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20080630%2FFREE%2F940478590%2F1528%2Fnewsletter01 |archive-date=17 January 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="BBCJagJobs">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8121056.stm|work=BBC News|title=Jobs warning at Jaguar Land Rover|date=26 June 2009|access-date=26 June 2009}}</ref>

On 18 January 2008, Tata Motors, a part of the [[Tata Group]], established [[Jaguar Land Rover]] (JLR) as a British-registered and wholly owned subsidiary. The company was to be used as a holding company for the acquisition of the two businesses from Ford – Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover. That acquisition was completed on 2 June 2008.<ref name=jlrar2010-2011>{{cite web|title=2010/2011 Annual Report|url=https://b.jcms-api.com/download/9e562e87-04c0-418f-8931-a2b9a27e28e7/20102011annualreport.pdf|publisher=Jaguar Land Rover PLC|pages=5|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126065823/https://b.jcms-api.com/download/9e562e87-04c0-418f-8931-a2b9a27e28e7/20102011annualreport.pdf|archive-date=26 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 January 2013, the group, which had been operating as two separate companies (Jaguar Cars Limited and Land Rover), although on an integrated basis, underwent a fundamental restructuring. The parent company was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC, Jaguar Cars Limited was renamed to Jaguar Land Rover Limited and the assets (excluding certain Chinese interests) of Land Rover were transferred to it. The consequence was that Jaguar Land Rover Limited became responsible in the UK for the design, manufacture and marketing of both Jaguar and Land Rover products.<ref name=jlrar2012-2013>{{cite web|title=Annual Report 2012/2013|url=https://b.jcms-api.com/download/f34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553/jaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf|publisher=Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC|pages=91|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070639/https://b.jcms-api.com/download/f34fc56c-5b61-490e-910f-98463d8fd553/jaguarlandroverautomotiveplcannualreport20122013.pdf|archive-date=26 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

Sales in 2013 amounted to 76,668 units, an increase of 42% compared to 2012. The most significant growth was observed in [[Germany]] and the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=425.006 véhicules : record historique de ventes pour Jaguar Land Rover |url=https://www.latribune.fr/entreprises-finance/industrie/automobile/20140112trib000808959/425.006-vehicules-record-historique-de-ventes-pour-jaguar-land-rover.html |website=la tribune}}</ref>

In 2020, the former CEO of the French company Renault, [[Thierry Bolloré]], replaced [[Ralf Speth]] as the head of Jaguar Land Rover.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Après Renault, Thierry Bolloré revient chez Jaguar Land Rover |url=https://fr.motor1.com/news/436224/thierry-bollore-pdg-jaguar-land-rover-renault/ |website=motor1}}</ref>

In 2023, JLR announced plans to move Jaguar further upmarket, following years of zero-profitability and poor sales. The holding company detailed its plans to downsize Jaguar into a lower volume brand, competing closer to the likes of [[Bentley]] and Porsche.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gibbs |first=Nick |date=23 June 2021 |title=Jaguar EVs to be priced at Bentley, Porsche levels |url=https://europe.autonews.com/automakers/jaguar-evs-be-priced-bentley-porsche-levels |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=Automotive News Europe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reimagining Jaguar: its EV-only, premium vision in detail {{!}} CAR Magazine |url=https://www.carmagazine.co.uk/electric/jaguar/ |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=www.carmagazine.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Truett |first=Richard |date=13 August 2023 |title=Jaguar's new identity begins to take shape |url=https://europe.autonews.com/cars-concepts/jaguars-plan-2025-and-beyond-takes-shape |access-date=21 July 2024 |work=Automotive News Europe}}</ref> In June 2024, the company stopped production of every model except for the F-Pace, aligning goals to fully electrify the marque by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Every Jaguar, Except the F-Pace, Is Dead |url=https://www.motor1.com/news/726576/jaguar-discontinues-six-models/ |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Motor1.com |language=en}}</ref> Instead, three brand new electric models will be introduced on the new JEA platform, starting with a four-door electric grand tourer in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-28 |title=Jaguar Must Die to Be Born Again |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a46879750/jaguar-must-die-to-be-born-again-ev-plan/ |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Road & Track |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Electrification (2025–present) ===
On 19 November 2024, Jaguar unveiled an advertisement showcasing its new logo and branding ahead of its relaunch in 2026 as an electric-only brand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 February 2021 |title=Jaguar car brand to be all-electric by 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-56072019 |access-date=15 February 2021 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> The rebrand marked the introduction of a new typeface, colour palette, as well as new device mark, in a direction the company referred to as 'exuberant modernism'.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jaguar unveils new logo and branding ahead of electric-only future |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cgr0pw00n7qo |access-date=2024-11-20 |first=Shehnaz |last=Khan |work=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-21 |title=Jaguar unveils "unique and fearless" rebrand for "complete reset" |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2024/11/21/jaguar-rebrand-electric-car/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Dezeen |language=en}}</ref> 

The change was markedly controversial, being met with criticism online,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-20 |title=Jaguar rebrand: what do *you* think? |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/first-look/jaguar-rebrand-what-do-you-think |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241202221153/https://www.topgear.com/car-news/first-look/jaguar-rebrand-what-do-you-think |archive-date=2024-12-02 |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=Top Gear |language=en}}</ref> notably including that from [[Elon Musk]], American comedian [[Stephen Colbert]], and British politician [[Nigel Farage]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Inagaki |first=Kana |last2=Mance |first2=Henry |date=2024-12-14 |title=Jaguar’s rebrand has divided opinion. Is ‘Project Roar’ the road to success? |url=https://www.ft.com/content/87b75a03-4fa3-4072-bfd2-0d23733dee8a |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> Critics pointed out the rebrand's alienation of Jaguar's traditional customers, accusing the brand of '[[Woke|going woke]]'.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bland |first=Archie |date=2024-12-04 |title=Wednesday briefing: What Jaguar’s radical rebrand reveals about the shift to electric cars |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/04/wednesday-briefing-what-jaguars-radical-rebrand-reveals-about-the-shift-to-electric-cars |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Others have instead commended the rebrand as marketing 'genius', having captured mainstream attention for the brand worldwide online and on mainstream media.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=James |title=Jaguar Rebrand Is Absolute Genius—Here’s Why |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesmorris/2024/11/23/jaguar-rebrand-is-absolute-geniusheres-the-reason-why/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=Wait, is the new Jaguar rebranding actually genius? |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/sg/tech/auto/is-the-new-jaguar-rebranding-logo-actually-genius/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Lifestyle Asia Singapore |language=en-SG}}</ref>

On 4 December 2024, Jaguar revealed the [[Jaguar Type 00|Type 00 concept car]] at [[Art Basel|Miami Art Week]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-04 |title=The Polarizing Type 00 Concept Is Exactly What Jaguar Needed |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63094185/jaguar-type-00-concept-polarizing-what-jaguar-needed/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241215175938/https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63094185/jaguar-type-00-concept-polarizing-what-jaguar-needed/ |archive-date=2024-12-15 |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=Car and Driver |language=en-US}}</ref> a non-production model which showcases the brand's design direction for its future electric cars.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oliver |first=Ben |title=Jaguar Finally Reveals Its All-Electric Type 00 After a Contentious Rebrand |url=https://www.wired.com/story/jaguar-finally-reveals-its-all-electric-type-00/ |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Like its rebrand a couple weeks prior, the car was met with a similarly polarised reception, inviting both derision and praise.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-04 |title=The Polarizing Type 00 Concept Is Exactly What Jaguar Needed |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63094185/jaguar-type-00-concept-polarizing-what-jaguar-needed/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241215175938/https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a63094185/jaguar-type-00-concept-polarizing-what-jaguar-needed/ |archive-date=2024-12-15 |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=Car and Driver |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-12-03 |title=One Word Describes Jaguar’s New Concept: Brutal |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2024-12-03/jaguar-s-type-00-concept-car-revealed-after-widely-panned-rebranding-ad |access-date=2025-02-05 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref>