Editing Jacob Grimm (section)

==Life and books==

Jacob Grimm was born 4 January 1785,<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/04/UPI-Almanac-for-Friday-Jan-4-2019/5471546221584/|title=UPI Almanac for Friday, Jan. 4, 2019|work=[[United Press International]]|date=4 January 2019|access-date=4 September 2019|archive-date=5 January 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190105012355/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2019/01/04/UPI-Almanac-for-Friday-Jan-4-2019/5471546221584/|url-status=live|quote=German folklore/fairy tale collector Jacob Grimm in 1785}}</ref> in [[Hanau]] in [[Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel|Hesse-Kassel]]. His father, [[Philipp Grimm]], was a lawyer who died while Jacob was a child, and his mother [[Dorothea Grimm|Dorothea]] was left with a very small income. Her sister was the lady of the chamber to the [[Landgravine]] of Hesse, and she helped to support and educate the family. Jacob was sent to the public school at [[Kassel]] in 1798 with his younger brother [[Wilhelm Grimm|Wilhelm]].<ref name=EB1911/>

In 1802, he went to the [[University of Marburg]], where he studied law, a profession for which he had been intended by his father. His brother joined him at Marburg a year later, having just recovered from a severe illness, and likewise began the study of law.<ref name=EB1911/>
He then later with his brother, Wilhelm Grimm, wrote Grimms' Fairy Tales.

===Meeting von Savigny===
Jacob Grimm became inspired by the lectures of [[Friedrich Carl von Savigny]], a noted expert of [[Roman law]]; Wilhelm Grimm, in the preface to the ''Deutsche Grammatik'' (German Grammar), credits Savigny with giving the brothers an awareness of science. Savigny's lectures also awakened in Jacob a love for [[history|historical]] and [[classical antiquity|antiquarian]] investigation, which underlies all his work. It was in Savigny's library that Grimm first saw [[Johann Jakob Bodmer|Bodmer]]'s edition of the [[Middle High German]] minnesingers and other early texts, which gave him a desire to study their language.<ref name=EB1911/>

At the beginning of 1805, he was invited by Savigny to Paris, to help him in his literary work. There Grimm strengthened his taste for the [[Medieval literature|literature of the Middle Ages]]. Towards the close of the year, he returned to Kassel, where his mother and brother had settled after Wilhelm finished his studies. The following year, Jacob obtained a position in the war office with a small salary of 100 [[thalers]]. He complained that he had to exchange his stylish Paris suit for a stiff uniform and pigtail, but the role gave him spare time for the pursuit of his studies.<ref name=EB1911/>

===Librarianship===
In 1808, soon after the death of his mother, he was appointed superintendent of the private library of [[Jérôme Bonaparte]], King of [[Kingdom of Westphalia|Westphalia]], into which [[Electorate of Hesse|Hesse-Kassel]] had been incorporated by [[Napoleon]]. Grimm was appointed an auditor to the state council, while retaining his superintendent post. His salary rose to 4000 francs and his official duties were nominal. In 1813, after the expulsion of Bonaparte and the reinstatement of an elector, Grimm was appointed Secretary of Legation accompanying the Hessian minister to the headquarters of the allied army. In 1814, he was sent to Paris to demand restitution of books taken by the French, and he attended the [[Congress of Vienna]] as Secretary of Legation in 1814–1815. Upon his return from Vienna, he was sent to Paris again to secure book restitutions. Meanwhile, Wilhelm had obtained a job at the [[Universitätsbibliothek Kassel|Kassel library]], and Jacob was made second librarian under Volkel in 1816. Upon the death of Volkel in 1828, the brothers both expected promotion, and they were dissatisfied when the role of the first librarian was given to Rommel, the keeper of the archives. Consequently, they moved the following year to the [[University of Göttingen]], where Jacob was appointed professor and librarian, and Wilhelm under-librarian. Jacob Grimm lectured on legal antiquities, [[historical linguistics|historical grammar]], [[literary history]], and [[diplomatics]], explained Old German poems, and commented on the ''[[Germania (book)|Germania]]'' of [[Tacitus]].<ref name=EB1911/>

===Later work===
[[File:Elisabet Ney - Bust of Jacob Grimm (1856-58).jpg|thumb|[[Jacob Grimm (sculpture)|Marble bust]] of Grimm by [[Elisabet Ney]], carved 1856–58 in Berlin]]
Grimm joined other academics, known as the [[Göttingen Seven]], who signed a protest against the [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|King of Hanover]]'s abrogation of the liberal constitution which had been established some years before.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nichols |first1=Stephen G. |title=Medievalism and the Modernist Temper |date=1996 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |page=143}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Charles McLean |title=The Historical Development of Modern Europe: From the Congress of Vienna to the Present Time, Volumes 1-2 |date=1898 |publisher=G. P. Putnam's sons |pages=265–266}}</ref> As a result, he was dismissed from his professorship and banished from the Kingdom of Hanover in 1837. He returned to Kassel with his brother, who had also signed the protest. They remained there until 1840 when they accepted King [[Frederick William IV]]'s invitation to move to the [[University of Berlin]], where they both received professorships and were elected members of the Academy of Sciences. Grimm was not under any obligation to lecture, and seldom did so; he spent his time working with his brother on their dictionary project. During their time in Kassel, he regularly attended the meetings of the academy and read papers on varied subjects, including [[Karl Konrad Friedrich Wilhelm Lachmann]], [[Friedrich Schiller]], old age, and the origin of language. He described his impressions of Italian and Scandinavian travel, interspersing more general observations with linguistic details.<ref name=EB1911/> He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1857.<ref name=AAAS>{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter G|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterG.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|access-date=9 September 2016}}</ref>

Grimm died in Berlin at the age of 78, working until the very end of his life. He describes his own work at the end of his autobiography:

<blockquote>
Nearly all my labours have been devoted, either directly or indirectly, to the investigation of our earlier language, poetry and laws. These studies may have appeared to many, and may still appear, useless; to me they have always seemed a noble and earnest task, definitely and inseparably connected with our common fatherland, and calculated to foster the love of it. My principle has always been in these investigations to under-value nothing, but to utilize the small for the illustration of the great, the popular tradition for the elucidation of the written monuments.<ref name=EB1911/>
</blockquote>