Editing J. P. Morgan (section)

==Childhood and education==
[[File:Junius Spencer Morgan - Project Gutenberg eText 17976.jpg|thumb|His father Junius Spencer Morgan guided his son's early career and established the Morgan banking house with offices in London, New York, Philadelphia, and Paris.]]
John Pierpont Morgan was born on April 17, 1837, in [[Hartford, Connecticut]], to [[Junius Spencer Morgan]] (1813–1890), of the influential [[Morgan family]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The World Almanac and Book of Facts |date=1906 |publisher=Newspaper Enterprise Association |location=New York |pages=150 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Starr |first=Frank Farnsworth |title=The Miles Morgan Family of Springfield, Massachusetts: In the Line of Joseph Morgan of Hartford, Connecticut, 1780-1847 |date=1904 |location=Hartford, Connecticut |pages=53 |language=en}}</ref>, and Juliet Pierpont (1816–1884).  His father, Junius, was then a partner at Howe Mather & Co., the largest dry goods wholesaler in Hartford. His mother Juliet was the daughter of the poet [[John Pierpont]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Huber |first=William R. |title=George Westinghouse: Powering the World |publisher=McFarland |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-4766-8692-9 |pages=113 |language=en}}</ref> His uncle [[James Lord Pierpont]] composed the famous Christmas song "[[Jingle Bells]]".

Morgan preferred to be called "Pierpont", as opposed to "John".<ref>{{Cite web | title=Pierpont Morgan: Banker| url=https://www.themorgan.org/about/pierpont-morgan-banker/1| date=March 12, 2014| website=The Morgan Library & Museum| access-date=May 4, 2020}}</ref> In 1847, when Morgan was ten years old, his grandfather Joseph Morgan died and left the family a large fortune. He was educated in public and private schools in New England, where he attended West Middle School and [[Cheshire Academy]].<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://connecticuthistory.org/j-p-morgans-connecticut-roots/ |title=J. P. Morgan's Connecticut Roots |website=connecticuthistory.org |last=Finlay |first=Nancy |date=June 21, 2021 |access-date=January 15, 2025}}</ref> Junius soon became a senior partner at the rechristened Mather Morgan & Co.{{sfn|Carosso|1987|p=26}}

In September 1851, he passed the entrance exam for [[The English High School]] of Boston, which specialized in mathematics for careers in commerce. In April 1852, he suffered from [[rheumatic fever]], an illness whose symptoms became more severe as his life progressed and ultimately left him in such pain that he could not walk.<ref name=":0"/> Junius sent him to the [[Azores]] to recover. He convalesced there for almost a year, then returned to Boston to resume his studies.{{sfn|Carosso|1987|pp=31–32}}

In 1856, his father sent him to Bellerive, a school in the Swiss village of [[La Tour-de-Peilz]], where he gained fluency in French.<ref name=":0"/> His father then sent him to the [[Georg August University of Göttingen|University of Göttingen]] to improve his German.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Witzel |first=Morgen |title=Fifty Key Figures in Management |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-415-36977-0 |location=New York, NY |pages=240 |language=en}}</ref> He attained passable fluency and a degree in art history within six months, completing his studies in 1857.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financial-inspiration.com/JP-Morgan-biography.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051016105210/http://www.financial-inspiration.com/JP-Morgan-biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 16, 2005 |title=JP Morgan biography – One of the most influential bankers in history |publisher=Financial-inspiration.com |date=March 31, 1913 |access-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref>