Editing Ivory Coast (section)

==Etymology==
Originally, [[Portuguese maritime exploration|Portuguese merchant-explorers]] in the 15th and 16th centuries divided the west coast of Africa, very roughly, into four "coasts" reflecting resources available from each coast. The coast which they named the ''Costa do Marfim''—meaning "Coast of Ivory", and translated into French as ''Côte d'Ivoire''—lay between what was known as the ''Guiné de Cabo Verde'', so-called "Upper Guinea" at [[Cap-Vert]], and Lower Guinea.{{sfn|Thornton|1996|p=53–56}}{{sfn|Lipski|2005|p=39}} There was also a [[Pepper Coast]], also known as the "Grain Coast" (present-day [[Liberia]]), a "[[Gold Coast (region)|Gold Coast]]" ([[Ghana]]), and a "[[Slave Coast of West Africa|Slave Coast]]" ([[Togo]], [[Benin]] and [[Nigeria]]). Like those, the name "Ivory Coast" reflected the major trade that occurred on that particular stretch of the coast: the export of [[ivory]].{{sfn|Duckett|1853|p=594}}{{sfn|Thornton|1996|p=53–56}}{{sfn|Homans|1858|p=14}}{{sfn|Lipski|2005|p=39}}{{sfn|Plée|1868|p=146}}

Other names for the area included the ''Côte de Dents'',{{efn|[[Joseph Vaissète]], in his 1755 ''Géographie historique, ecclésiastique et civile'', lists the name as ''La Côte des Dents'' ("The Coast of the Teeth"), but notes that ''Côte de Dents'' is the more correct form.{{sfn|Vaissète|1755|p=185–186}}|name=teeths}} literally "Coast of Teeth", again reflecting the ivory trade;{{sfn|Blanchard|1818|p=57}}{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=100}}{{sfn|Duckett|1853|p=594}}{{sfn|Lipski|2005|p=39}}{{sfn|Plée|1868|p=146}}{{sfn|Walckenaer|1827|p=35}} the ''Côte de Quaqua'', after the people whom the Dutch named the Quaqua (alternatively Kwa Kwa);{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=100}}{{sfn|Thornton|1996|p=53–56}}{{sfn|Vaissète|1755|p=185–186}} the Coast of the Five and Six Stripes, after a type of cotton fabric also traded there;{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=100}} and the ''Côte du Vent'',{{efn|''Côte du Vent'' sometimes denoted the combined "Ivory" and "Grain" coasts, or sometimes just the "Grain" coast.{{sfn|Duckett|1853|p=594}}{{sfn|Thornton|1996|p=53–56}}|name=vent}} the Windward Coast, after perennial local off-shore weather conditions.{{sfn|Duckett|1853|p=594}}{{sfn|Thornton|1996|p=53–56}} In the 19th century, usage switched to ''Côte d'Ivoire''.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911|p=100}}

The coastline of the modern state is not quite coterminous with what the 15th- and 16th-century merchants knew as the "Teeth" or "Ivory" coast, which was considered to stretch from [[Cape Palmas]] to [[Cape Three Points]] and which is thus now divided between the modern states of Ghana and Ivory Coast (with a minute portion of Liberia).{{sfn|Blanchard|1818|p=57}}{{sfn|Homans|1858|p=14}}{{sfn|Walckenaer|1827|p=35}}{{sfn|Vaissète|1755|p=185–186}} It retained the name through French rule and independence in 1960.<ref name=WDL1>{{cite web|title=The Ivory Coast|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/643|publisher=[[World Digital Library]]|access-date=16 February 2013|archive-date=4 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204073233/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/643/|url-status=live}}</ref> 

The name had long since been translated literally into other languages,{{efn|Literal translations include ''Elfenbeinküste'' (German), ''Costa d'Avorio'' (Italian), ''Norsunluurannikko'' (Finnish), Бе́рег Слоно́вой Ко́сти (Russian), and Ivory Coast.{{sfn|David|2000|p=7}}|name=trans}} which the post-independence government considered increasingly troublesome whenever its international dealings extended beyond the Francophone sphere. Therefore, in April 1986, the government declared that '''Côte d'Ivoire''' (or, more fully, République de Côte d'Ivoire{{sfn|Auzias|Labourdette|2008|p=9}}) would be its formal name for the purposes of diplomatic protocol and has since officially refused to recognize any translations from French to other languages in its international dealings.{{sfn|David|2000|p=7}}{{sfn|Lea|Rowe|2001|p=127}}{{sfn|Jessup|1998|p=351}} Despite the Ivorian government's request, the English translation "Ivory Coast" (often "''the'' Ivory Coast") is still frequently used in English by various media outlets and publications. Many governments use "Côte d'Ivoire" for diplomatic reasons, as do their outlets, such as the Chinese CCTV News. Other organizations that use "Côte d'Ivoire" include the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] in its ''[[The World Factbook|World Factbook]]''<ref name="CIA"/> and the international sport organizations [[FIFA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/memberassociations.aspx|title=CAF Member Associations|author=<!--Not stated-->|website=CAF Online|publisher=CAF-Confederation of African Football|access-date=20 July 2017|archive-date=25 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170725110443/http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/memberassociations.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> and the [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympic.org/cote-d-ivoire |title=Côte d'Ivoire |author=<!--Not stated--> |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=20 July 2017 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718054551/https://www.olympic.org/cote-d-ivoire |url-status=live }}</ref> (referring to their [[Ivory Coast national football team|national football]] and Olympic teams in international games and in official broadcasts), news magazine ''[[The Economist]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/research/styleGuide/index.cfm?page=805717|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401042949/http://www.economist.com/research/styleGuide/index.cfm?page=805717|archive-date=1 April 2010|title=Research Tools |newspaper=The Economist |access-date=20 June 2010}}</ref> the ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/139651/Cote-dIvoire |title=Cote d'Ivoire |website=Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-date=18 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100618075934/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/139651/Cote-dIvoire |url-status=live }}</ref> and the ''[[National Geographic Society]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destination/cote-divoire?source=A-to-Z |title=Places Directory |publisher=nationalgeographic.com |date=25 June 2008 |access-date=20 June 2010 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308101113/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destination/cote-divoire?source=A-to-Z |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[BBC]] usually uses "Ivory Coast" both in news reports and on its page about the country.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1043014.stm |publisher=[[BBC News]] |title=Country profile: Ivory Coast |date=24 February 2010 |access-date=30 April 2010 |archive-date=15 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415042400/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1043014.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper's style guide says: "Ivory Coast, not 'The Ivory Coast' or 'Côte d'Ivoire'; its nationals are Ivorians."<ref>{{cite news |title=Guardian Style Guide: I |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |date=19 December 2008 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/i |access-date=30 April 2010 |archive-date=9 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109084741/http://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/i |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{citation needed span|text=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]], [[Fox News]], ''[[The Times]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', the [[South African Broadcasting Corporation]], and the [[CBC News|Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] all use "Ivory Coast" either exclusively or predominantly.|date=July 2012}}