Editing Ivan Pavlov (section)

==Education and early life==
[[File:Pavlov House Ryazan.JPG|thumb|left|The Pavlov Memorial Museum in [[Ryazan]], Pavlov's former home, built in the early 19th century<ref>[http://pavlov.amr-museum.ru/engl/e_museum.htm The memorial estate] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114175850/http://pavlov.amr-museum.ru/engl/e_museum.htm |date=14 November 2012 }} About the house</ref>]]
Pavlov was born the first of ten children,<ref name="Credo Reference">{{cite book|article=Ivan Petrovich Pavlov|title=Biographical Dictionary of Psychology|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=978-0-415-28561-2|editor1=Sheehy, Noel |editor2=Chapman, Antony J. |editor3=Conroy, Wendy A. }}</ref> in [[Ryazan]], [[Russian Empire]]. His father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov (1823–1899), was a village [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] priest.<ref name=nobelbio>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine 1904 Ivan Pavlov|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html|publisher=Nobelmedia|access-date=2 February 2012}}</ref> His mother, Varvara Ivanovna Uspenskaya (1826–1890), was a homemaker. As a child, Pavlov willingly participated in house duties such as doing the dishes and taking care of his siblings. He loved to garden, ride his bicycle, row, swim, and play [[gorodki]]; he devoted his summer vacations to these activities.<ref>{{harvp|Asratyan|1953|p=8}}</ref> Although able to read by the age of seven, Pavlov did not begin formal schooling until he was 11 years old, due to serious injuries he had sustained when falling from a high wall onto a stone pavement.<ref>{{harvp|Asratyan|1953|p=9}}</ref><ref name="Credo Reference"/>

From his childhood days, Pavlov demonstrated intellectual curiosity along with what he referred to as "the instinct for research".<ref name="cavendish9">{{cite journal|author=Cavendish, Richard. |url=http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/death-ivan-pavlov |title=Death of Ivan Pavlov|journal= History Today |volume=61|issue=2 |year=2011|page= 9}}</ref> He attended the Ryazan church school before entering the local theological seminary. Inspired by the progressive ideas which [[Dmitry Pisarev]], a Russian [[Literary criticism|literary critic]] of the 1860s, and [[Ivan Sechenov]], the father of Russian physiology, were spreading, Pavlov abandoned his religious career without graduating and devoted his life to science.

In 1870, he enrolled in the physics and mathematics department at the [[Saint Petersburg State University|University of Saint Petersburg]] to study natural science.<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal | last1 = Anrep | first1 = G. V. | title = Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. 1849–1936 | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1936.0001 | journal = [[Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society]] | volume = 2 | issue = 5 | pages = 1–18| year = 1936 | jstor = 769124}}</ref> In his fourth year, his first research project on the physiology of the nerves of the pancreas<ref>{{harvp|Asratyan|1953|pp=9–11}}</ref> won him a prestigious university award. In 1875, Pavlov received the degree of Candidate of Natural Sciences. Impelled by his interest in physiology, Pavlov decided to continue his studies and proceeded to the [[Imperial Academy of Medical Surgery]]. While at the academy, Pavlov became an assistant to his former teacher, [[Elias von Cyon]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Todes, Daniel Philip |title=Pavlov's Physiology Factory: Experiment, Interpretation, Laboratory Enterprise|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FpobBC2V1oC&pg=PA50|year=2002|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-6690-6|pages=50–}}</ref> He left the department when de Cyon was replaced by another instructor.

After some time, Pavlov obtained a position as a laboratory assistant to Konstantin Ustimovich at the physiological department of the Veterinary Institute.<ref>{{harvp|Asratyan|1953|p=12}}</ref> For two years, Pavlov investigated the circulatory system for his medical dissertation.<ref name="Credo Reference"/> In 1878, Professor [[Sergey Botkin]], a clinician, invited Pavlov to work in the physiological laboratory as the clinic's chief. In 1879, he graduated from the Medical Military Academy with a gold medal for his research work. After a competitive examination, Pavlov won a fellowship at the academy for postgraduate work.<ref>{{harvp|Asratyan|1953|p=13}}</ref>
[[File:Ivan-Pavlov08.jpg|thumb|left|Ivan Pavlov {{circa}} 1883]]
The fellowship and his position as director of the Physiological Laboratory at Botkin's clinic enabled Pavlov to continue his research work.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} In 1883, he presented his doctor's thesis on the subject of ''The centrifugal nerves of the heart'' and posited the idea of ''nerves'' and the basic principles on the trophic function of the nervous system. Additionally, his collaboration with the Botkin Clinic produced evidence of a basic pattern in the regulation of reflexes in the activity of circulatory organs.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

He was inspired to pursue a scientific career by [[Dmitry Pisarev]], a literary critic and natural science advocate and [[Ivan Sechenov]], a physiologist, whom Pavlov described as "the father of [[physiology]]".<ref name=nobelbio/>