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==History== ===1980s=== In the early 1980s, hip hop spread to Italy through [[posse cut]]s, which were popular in [[Self-managed social centres in Italy|social centers]], alternative centers where several left-wing young people regularly meet, and where the extremely influential [[Italian hardcore]] punk scene was flourishing, from which the Italian posse cut movement inherited its social conscious. The first star to emerge from this scene was [[Jovanotti]], who would [[Rapping|rap]] in otherwise standard [[Italian popular music|Italian pop]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/04/arts/music/jovanotti-italian-rapper-brings-his-act-to-new-york.html?_r=0 |title=A Roman Rapper Comes to New York, Where He Can Get Real |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 October 2012 |access-date=24 February 2014 |last1=Sisario |first1=Ben }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pri.org/stories/2012-08-30/jovanotti-brings-italian-style-hip-hop-us |title=Jovanotti Brings Italian-Style Hip-Hop to US | Public Radio International |publisher=Pri.org |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Khan |first=Imran |url=http://www.popmatters.com/post/174843-dreadbeat-italian-rapper-luches-chi-non-dimentica/ |title=Dreadbeat: Italian Rapper Luche's "Chi Non Dimentica" |magazine=PopMatters |access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> While Jovanotti was discovered by the famous producer [[Claudio Cecchetto]] and quickly reached fame, in the underground Radical Stuff published the first Italian hip hop street video Let's Get Dizzy, featuring lo Greco Bros in 1989. Also that year, Marko Von Schoenberg of Stone Castle Records in Italy produced Dre' n OG along with Andre Herring (now known as the King of Art) and Nathaniel Goodwin, with songs such as AK-47, Got Damn, Do Beat, and Spread Your Legs. But DRE and OG never received any payments for recordings. [[Underground hip hop]] group Assalti Frontali, was founded in [[Rome]] in 1988. They are known for their [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]] [[political hip hop|politically]] and [[Political hip hop#Conscious hip hop|socially]] charged lyrics.<ref>{{cite web|language=it|title=Assalti Frontali - Biografia|url=https://www.rockol.it/artista/assalti-frontali/biografia#:~:text=Gli%20Assalti%20Frontali%20si%20formano,suscitano%20grande%20interesse%20negli%20ascoltatori.|website=rockol.it}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> [[File:J AX Articolo 31.jpg|left|thumb|278x278px|[[J-Ax]], ex member of the [[Articolo 31]] performing at a concert]] ===1990s=== In 1991, the posse cut movement produced its first underground rap in the Italian language, with tracks such as "Stop al panico" by Isola Posse All Star, a track against murders and violence in the streets.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=|first=|date=18 March 2020|title=Storia delle posse, quando l'hip hop era militanza politica|url=https://www.rollingstone.it/musica/storia-delle-posse-quando-lhip-hop-era-militanza-politica/508083/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2021|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|language=it-IT}}</ref> [[Articolo 31]], formed by [[J-Ax]] and DJ Jad: they started out as a mainly [[East Coast hip hop]]-inspired hip hop duo, rapped in two commercials (for big companies such as [[Fiat]] and Big Bubble) in 1993. The duo had always been criticized for their connection to the Italian pop music market. In 1996, as they started their performance at [[Venice]]'s hip hop festival, the others rappers left the stage as a symbolic protest against them.<ref>{{Cite web|last=redazione|title=[So Sample] Gli Articolo 31 e la loro musica narrata attraverso l'uso dei sample e il commento di Dj Jad|url=https://www.piuomenopop.it/index.php/2020/10/08/so-sample-gli-articolo-31-e-la-loro-musica-narrata-attraverso-luso-dei-sample-e-il-commento-di-dj-jad/|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Piu o Meno POP|date=7 October 2020 |language=it-IT}}</ref> Later that decade, a [[Diss (music)|dissing]] battle started between them and the Zero Stress Crew (formed by Sangue Misto and Radical Stuff). Other important crews and rappers included [[Bologna]]'s Porzione Massiccia Crew, [[Sangue Misto]] (project born from Isola Posse All Star), with their 1994 [[album]] SXM, which has influenced all subsequent Italian hip hop tracks.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2019|title=Deda: «Con "SxM" volevamo fare la cosa più hip hop della storia"|url=https://www.rollingstone.it/musica/interviste-musica/deda-con-sxm-volevamo-fare-la-cosa-piu-hip-hop-della-storia/443238/|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Rolling Stone Italia|language=it-IT}}</ref> At the end of 1999, the [[Milan]]ese group Sacre Scuole, made up of [[Jake La Furia]], [[Guè|Gué Pequeno]] and [[Dargen D'Amico]], released the album ''3 MC's al cubo''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Sacre Scuole – 3 Mc's Al Cubo|url=https://www.discogs.com/it/Sacre-Scuole-3-Mcs-Al-Cubo/release/2941520|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2021|website=[[Discogs]]|language=it}}</ref> The group [[Gemelli DiVersi]] was founded in 1997, it is a group which blends hip hop with vocal harmonies, and often with [[Political hip hop#Conscious hip hop|socially conscious]] lyrics. Their first [[single (music)|single]] was the [[Pooh (band)|Pooh]] sampling "Un attimo ancora" (1998). The group had a peak of success in the 2000s, with songs such as "Un altro ballo" (2004), "Vivi per un miracolo" (2007) and their biggest hit, "[[Mary (Gemelli DiVersi song)|Mary]]" (2003).<ref>{{cite web|language=it|title=Gemelli DiVersi - Biografia|url=https://www.rockol.it/artista/gemelli-diversi/biografia|website=rockol.it}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> ===2000s=== At the beginning of the new millennium, the [[Apulia]]n rapper [[Caparezza]] achieves success with the album ''[[Verità supposte]]''. In 2001, the group Sottotono took part in the [[Sanremo Music Festival]] and then broke up shortly after.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2019|title=Rap, polemiche e spintoni: 18 anni dopo, i Sottotono a Sanremo|url=https://www.giornaledibrescia.it/tempo-libero/rap-polemiche-e-spintoni-18-anni-dopo-i-sottotono-a-sanremo-1.3335512|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Giornale di brescia|language=it}}</ref> After the dissolution of the Articolo 31 and the abandonment of [[Neffa]] from the rap scene, there is a period of fatigue for the Italian scene that awakens with some productions: first of all we must remember ''Mi fist'' by [[Club Dogo]], 60 Hz by DJ Shocca, ''Fabiano detto Inoki'' by [[Inoki (rapper)|Inoki]], ''Mondo Marcio'' by Mondo Marcio, and above all ''[[Mr. Simpatia]]'' by [[Fabri Fibra]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Povoledo|first=Elisabetta|date=23 July 2000|title=MUSIC; In Italy, a Long Tradition of Homegrown Hip-Hop (Published 2000)|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/23/arts/music-in-italy-a-long-tradition-of-homegrown-hip-hop.html|access-date=15 January 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Although the Italian hip hop scene remains firm in the underground, the record market, and headed by [[Independent record label|independent labels]] such as Portafoglio Lainz or Vibra Records. In 2006, several MCs manage to get a record deal with major majors: Mondo Marcio, a Milanese rapper, signs for [[EMI]], Inoki with [[Warner Music Italy|Warner]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2016|title=Inoki firma per la Warner Music {{!}} Hotmc {{!}} Hip Hop, R'n'B, Soul, Reggae Magazine yo!|url=http://hotmc.rockit.it/inoki-firma-per-la-warner-music/|access-date=15 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185913/http://hotmc.rockit.it/inoki-firma-per-la-warner-music/|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Fabri Fibra and Club Dogo with [[Universal Music Group|Universal]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Fabri Fibra firma per Universal|url=http://www.universalmusic.it/pop/news/newsdet.php?idn=4425|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2021|website=[[Universal Music]]|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=21 April 2016|title=Club Dogo con Universal|url=http://www.newsic.it/news/body_news.php|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421113541/http://www.newsic.it/news/body_news.php|archive-date=21 April 2016|access-date=15 January 2021|language=it}}</ref> while [[Cor Veleno]] sign for H2O Music,<ref>{{Cite web|last=s.r.l|first=Rockol com|date=|title=√ Cor Veleno con H2O Music: è loro il primo singolo solo digitale di Sony BMG|url=https://www.rockol.it/news-77911/cor-veleno-con-h20-music-e-loro-il-primo-singolo-solo-digitale-di-sony-bmg|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Rockol|language=it}}</ref> being the first Italian artists to exploit digital music. Some video clips, such as that of "Applausi per Fibra" by Fabri Fibra, manage to reach broadcasters such as [[AllMusic]] or [[MTV]] and gain decent positions in the charts. Between 2006 and 2008, the genre expands to a wider audience, initially thanks to the album ''Solo un uomo'' by Mondo Marcio, which brought the genre to the general public in Italy, then followed by the albums ''[[Tradimento]]'' by Fabri Fibra and ''[[Marracash (album)|Marracash]]'' by [[Marracash]], who managed to conquer the top positions in the standings.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Giordano|first=Paolo|date=7 June 2006|title=Fabri Fibra, la rivelazione: il suo rap primo in classifica|url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/fabri-fibra-rivelazione-suo-rap-primo-classifica.html|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 January 2021|website=ilGiornale|publisher=|language=it}}</ref> Meanwhile in [[Rome]], among all the [[Hip hop (culture)|hip hop]] groups, the [[:it:TruceKlan|Truceklan]] was establishing itself, created by the union of the hip hop groups Truceboys and In the Panchine. Among the main members of the group stood out: [[Noyz Narcos]], [[:it:Metal_Carter|Metal Carter]], [[:it:Gel_(rapper)|Gel]], Cole, Gemello, [[:it:Chicoria|Chicoria]], Benassa, [[Duke Montana]] (who left the group in 2011) and Zinghero. While on the production side: Lou Chano, DJ Sano Volcano, 3FX, Fuzzy, [[:it:DJ_Gengis|DJ Gengis]], Rough, Giordy Beatz, Meme, DJ Sine, Marco Tozzi and Low Killa. The main album released by the collective is [[:it:Ministero_dell'inferno|Ministero dell'Inferno]]. The genres touched by the group range from [[Gangsta rap]] to [[Hardcore hip hop]] to [[Rap metal]]. ===2010s=== [[File:Gué Pequeno & Marracash @ Wind Music Awards 2016 06.jpg|thumb|310x310px|[[Marracash]] and [[Guè|Gué Pequeno]] at the 2016 [[TIM Music Awards|Wind Music Awards]]]] Since 2010, after the success of the single "Tranne te" by [[Fabri Fibra]], a real phenomenon of the mainstream rapper is created. [[Musician|Artists]] such as [[Emis Killa]], [[Clementino]], [[Fedez]], [[Gemitaiz]], [[Madman (rapper)|MadMan]], [[Rocco Hunt]], [[Baby K (artist)|Baby K]], and [[Salmo (rapper)|Salmo]] make their debut in Italian hip hop.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Correnti|first=Gabriele|date=28 December 2020|title=Rap italiano 2010–2019: il decennio che ha cambiato la storia|url=https://www.rapologia.it/2020/12/28/rap-italiano-decennio-2010-2019/|access-date=15 January 2021|website=Rapologia.it|language=it-IT}}</ref> At the same time artists are born who manage to bring their music to high levels of sale, examples of these artists are [[Noyz Narcos]] and [[Nitro (rapper)|Nitro]]. Around 2015, the [[Trap music|trap]] influence arrives in Italy starting from albums like [[Santeria (album)|''Santeria'']] by [[Guè|Gué Pequeno]] and Marracash, ''XDVR'' and ''Sfera Ebbasta'' by [[Sfera Ebbasta]], ''23 6451'' by [[Thasup|tha Supreme]] and ''The Dark Album'' by the [[Dark Polo Gang]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=12 December 2016|title=Che cos'è la Dark Polo Gang?|url=https://www.supereva.it/che-cose-la-dark-polo-gang-26894|access-date=15 January 2021|website=superEva|language=it}}</ref> It is followed by new artists such as [[Achille Lauro (singer)|Achille Lauro]], [[Capo Plaza]], [[Izi (rapper)|Izi]], [[Ghali (rapper)|Ghali]], Ketama126, [[Massimo Pericolo]], [[Ernia]], tha Supreme and many others. Although, the underground remains firm with artists such as [[Jack the Smoker]], Lord Madness, Murubutu, Claver Gold, [[Primo Brown]] (died in 2016), DJ Fastcut, Suarez, Leslie, Hard Squat Crew, [[Inoki (rapper)|Inoki]], [[Rancore]], Mezzosangue, Lanz Khan, Mattak (Italian-speaking but [[Languages of Switzerland|Swiss]]), Gionni Gioielli, L'Elfo, [[Enigma (rapper)|En?gma]] and many others.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Twisting Cultural Codes – Trap in Italy {{!}} norient.com|url=https://norient.com/index.php/stories/italian-trap|access-date=15 January 2021|website=norient.com|language=en}}</ref> During the decade, albums that have already become classics of the genre such as ''Il ragazzo d'oro'' by Guè Pequeno, ''Mea culpa'' by Clementino, ''The Island Chainsaw massacre'' by Salmo, ''Il cuore e la fame'' by [[Egreen]] and ''Dead Poets'' by DJ FastCut are released.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Dead Poets: i poeti estinti tornano|url=https://www.lacasadelrap.com/2019/02/22/dead-poets-ii-dj-fastcut/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=La casa del Rap|language=it}}</ref> ===2020s=== Among the artists of the [[alternative hip hop]] genre that include En?gma, with the series of albums ''Totem'', started with ''[[Totem – Episodio uno]]'', anticipated by the single "Bomaye". Other important artists are [[Madame (singer)|Madame]] and [[Willie Peyote]], both present at the [[Sanremo Music Festival 2021|71st edition]] of the [[Sanremo Music Festival]] respectively with the songs "[[Voce (song)|Voce]]", produced by [[Dario Faini|Dardust]] and "[[Mai dire mai (La locura)]]". At the start of 2021, [[Il Tre]] released his first album, ''Ali'', that debuted on the first place in the [[Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana|FIMI chart]] just 1 week after its release. Other modern Italian rappers, such as Wado, focus more on issues of immigration and racism in their lyrics, which still affect many Afro-Italian rappers today. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Il Tre, "Ali" vola subito al primo posto: è l'album più venduto|url=https://www.radioitalia.it/news/il_tre/classifica/22884_il_tre_ali_vola_subito_al_primo_posto_e_l_album_piu_venduto.php|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Radio Italia}}</ref>
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