Editing Isle of Man (section)

== Name ==
The {{langx|gv|Ellan Vannin}} name for the Isle of Man — {{lang|gv|ellan}} ({{IPA|gv|ɛlʲan}}), meaning "island" and {{lang|gv|Mannin}} ({{IPA|gv|manɪnʲ|IPA}}) appears in the [[genitive case]] as {{lang|gv|Vannin}} ({{IPA|gv|vanɪnʲ|IPA}}), with [[Aspirate mutation|initial consonant mutation]], hence {{lang|gv|Ellan Vannin}}, "Island of Mann". The short form used in [[English language|English]] is spelled either Mann or Man. The earliest recorded Manx form of the name is {{lang|gv|Manu}} or {{lang|gv|Mana}}.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kinvig |first=R. H. |title=The Isle of Man: A Social, Cultural and Political History |date=1975 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |isbn=0-85323-391-8 |edition=3rd |page=18}}</ref>

Classical records start in the 1st century BCE, with [[Julius Caesar]] noting that the island's name being {{lang|la|Mona}}, which has subsequently become a poetic alternative name for the isle.<ref>{{cite book |title=Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable |publisher=Cassell & Co. |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-304-35096-4 |language=en |page=620}}</ref> In the 1st century CE, [[Pliny the Elder]] records it as {{lang|la|Monapia}} or {{lang|la|Monabia}}, and in the 2nd century CE [[Ptolemy]] noted it as ''Monœda'' ({{lang|grc|Mοναοιδα}}, ''Monaoida'') or {{lang|grc|Mοναρινα}} (''Monarina''), in [[Koine Greek]]. Though, the Romans applied these names were also applied to the Isle of [[Anglesey]], {{lang|cy|Ynys Môn}} as well.<ref>{{cite book |title=Brewer's Britain & Ireland |publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson |year=2005 |isbn=0-304-35385-X |language=en |page=586}}</ref>  Later Classical references have {{lang|la|Mevania}} or {{lang|la|Mænavia}} ([[Orosius]], 416),<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rivet |first1=A. L. F. |last2=Smith |first2=Colin |date=1979 |title=The Place Names of Roman Britain |publisher=Batsford |pages=410–411}}</ref> and {{lang|la|Eubonia}} or {{lang|la|Eumonia}} by Irish writers.

The [[Old Irish]] form of the name is {{lang|sga|Manau}} or {{lang|sga|Mano}}. [[Old Welsh]] records named it as {{lang|owl|Manaw}}, also reflected in {{lang|owl|[[Manaw Gododdin]]}}, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower [[Firth of Forth]].<ref name="Koch2006">{{Cite book |last=Koch |first=John T. |title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-440-0 |page=676}}</ref> It is found in the [[Sagas of Icelanders]] as ''{{lang|is|Mön}}''.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Moore|1903|p=84}}
{{Harvcolnb|Sacheverell|1859|pp=119–120}}
{{Harvcolnb|Waldron|1726|p=1}}
{{Cite book |last=Kinvig |first=R. H. |title=The Isle of Man. A Social, Cultural and Political History. |date=1975 |publisher=Liverpool University Press |isbn=0-85323-391-8 |edition=3rd |pages=18–19}}</ref>
The name is probably cognate with the [[Welsh language|Welsh]] name of the island of Anglesey, {{lang|cy|Ynys Môn}},<ref name="Koch2006" /> usually derived from a [[Insular Celtic languages|Celtic]] word for 'mountain', (reflected in Welsh {{lang|cy|mynydd}}, [[Breton language|Breton]] {{lang|br|menez}} and [[Scottish Gaelic]] {{lang|gd|monadh}}), from a [[Proto-Celtic]] ''*moniyos''.<ref>''[[Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch]]'': Record number 1277 (Root / lemma: men-1)</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Koch |first=John T. |title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-440-0 |page=679}}</ref>

The name was at least secondarily associated with that of [[Manannán mac Lir]] in [[Irish mythology]] (corresponding to Welsh {{lang|owl|[[Manawydan]] fab Llŷr}}).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kneale |first=Victor |title=Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |editor-last=Koch |editor-first=John T. |location=Santa Barbara |page=676 |chapter=Ellan Vannin (Isle of Man). Britonia}} The Old Irish name {{lang|sga|Manandán}} is often interpreted as 'He of [the isle of] Man'. If the name of Man reflects the generic word for 'mountain', it is impossible to distinguish this from a generic 'he of the mountain'; but the patronymic {{lang|sga|mac Lir}}, interpreted as 'son of the Sea', is taken to reinforce the association with the island. See, e.g.: Wagner, Heinrich. "Origins of Pagan Irish Religion". ''Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie''. v. 38. 1–28.</ref> In the earliest Irish mythological texts, Manannán is a king of the [[otherworld]], but the 9th-century {{lang|sga|[[Sanas Cormaic]]}} identifies a [[Euhemerism|euhemerised]] Manannán as "a famous merchant who resided in, and gave name to, the Isle of Man".<ref>Cited after ''Catholic World'' 37 (1883) p. 261.<!--where I found this; I am sure we can attribute it to the ms. text more directly with some extra effort--></ref> (Though others suggest it was the Isle that lent its name to the merchant, refer exhibit in "House of Manannan", of Isle of Man Museum, Peel.) Later, a Manannán is recorded as the first [[king of Man]] in a Manx poem (dated 1504).<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ih4YAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 |title=The Dublin Review |publisher=W. Spooner |date=1865 |volume=57 |page=83 |access-date=15 August 2019 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803112643/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ih4YAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 |url-status=live}}</ref>