Editing Interstitial cystitis (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
The most common symptoms of IC are [[suprapubic]] pain,<ref name=pmid23276554>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.tjog.2012.10.002 |pmid=23276554 |title=Treatment of interstitial cystitis in women |journal=Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |volume=51 |issue=4 |pages=526–32 |year=2012 |last1=Hsieh |first1=Ching-Hung |last2=Chang |first2=Wei-Chun |last3=Huang |first3=Ming-Chao |last4=Su |first4=Tsung-Hsien |last5=Li |first5=Yiu-Tai |last6=Chiang |first6=Han-Sun |doi-access=free }}</ref> urinary frequency, [[dyspareunia|painful sexual intercourse]],<ref name=PMHT0025484/> and [[nocturia|waking up from sleep to urinate]].<ref name=pmid20025032>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/nau.20817 |pmid=20025032 |pmc=2805190 |title=Cross-talk and sensitization of bladder afferent nerves |journal=Neurourology and Urodynamics |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=77–81 |year=2010 |last1=Ustinova |first1=Elena E |last2=Fraser |first2=Matthew O |last3=Pezzone |first3=Michael A }}</ref>

In general, symptoms may include [[Dysuria|painful urination]] described as a burning sensation in the [[urethra]] during urination, pelvic pain that is worsened with the consumption of certain foods or drinks, urinary urgency, and pressure in the bladder or pelvis.<ref name=pmid19808225/> Other described symptoms are [[urinary hesitancy]] (needing to wait for the urinary stream to begin, often caused by [[pelvic floor dysfunction]] and tension), and pain and difficulty driving, working, exercising, or traveling. Pelvic pain experienced by those with IC typically worsens with filling of the urinary bladder and may improve with urination.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harvard Health Publishing|date=25 March 2020|title=Diagnosing and treating interstitial cystitis|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/diseases-and-conditions/diagnosing-and-treating-interstitial-cystitis|access-date=2021-01-15|website=Harvard Health}}</ref> Other, more severe symptoms include chronic inflammation, ulcuration (Hunner's leasions), fybrotic scar tissue and stiffness of the bladder.  

During [[cystoscopy]], 5–10% of people with IC are found to have [[Hunner's ulcer]]s.<ref name="IC section of the NKUDIC"/> A person with IC may have discomfort only in the urethra, while another might struggle with pain in the entire pelvis. Interstitial cystitis symptoms usually fall into one of two patterns: significant [[Hypogastrium|suprapubic]] pain with little frequency or a lesser amount of suprapubic pain but with increased urinary frequency.<ref>{{cite web|last=Peters|first=Dr. Jill|title="Interstitial Cystitis" Paul Perry, MD, Chairman, Obgyn.Net Editorial Advisory Board, Chronic Pelvic Pain interviews Jill Peters, MD|url=http://www.obgyn.net/avtranscripts/perry_peters.htm|work=OBGYN.net|publisher=Obgyn.Net Conference Coverage from International Pelvic Pain Society—Simsbury Connecticut—April/May, 1999|access-date=10 April 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423234154/http://www.obgyn.net/avtranscripts/perry_peters.htm|archive-date=23 April 2012}}</ref>

===Association with other conditions===
Some people with IC/BPS have been diagnosed with other conditions such as [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS), [[fibromyalgia]], [[myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome]] (ME/CFS), [[Allergy|allergies]], [[Sjögren syndrome]], which raises the possibility that interstitial cystitis may be caused by mechanisms that cause these other conditions.<ref name=pmid19230927>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.119 |pmid=19230927 |pmc=2692547 |title=Genetics and Phenotyping of Urological Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome |journal=The Journal of Urology |volume=181 |issue=4 |pages=1550–7 |year=2009 |last1=Dimitrakov |first1=Jordan |last2=Guthrie |first2=David }}</ref> There is also some evidence of an association between urologic pain syndromes, such as IC/BPS and CP/CPPS, with [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity]] in some people.<ref name=pmid26605537>{{cite journal |doi=10.1159/000440990 |pmid=26605537 |title=Gluten Sensitivity |journal=Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=16–26 |year=2015 |last1=Catassi |first1=Carlo |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=pmid23204003>{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/bmj.e7982 |pmid=23204003 |title=Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity |journal=BMJ |volume=345 |pages=e7982 |year=2012 |last1=Anonymous |last2=Rostami |first2=K |last3=Hogg-Kollars |first3=S |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chronicprostatitis.com/gluten-and-chronic-prostatitis-cpps/ |title=Gluten and CP/CPPS |work=Prostatitis Network |access-date=2016-03-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327012729/http://www.chronicprostatitis.com/gluten-and-chronic-prostatitis-cpps/ |archive-date=27 March 2016}}</ref>

In addition, men with IC/PBS are frequently diagnosed as having [[chronic nonbacterial prostatitis]], and there is an extensive overlap of symptoms and treatment between the two conditions, leading researchers to posit that the conditions may share the same cause and pathology.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001551/ |title=Prostatitis-nonbacterial-chronic |author=PubMed Health |year=2011 |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=25 October 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025205146/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001551/ |archive-date=25 October 2012}}</ref>