Editing International News Service (section)

== History ==

===Hearst News Service===

The precursor to the International News Service was the [[Hearst News Service]], which was established in 1904. In 1903, the Hearst publishing organization leased a telegraph line from San Francisco to New York, passing through Chicago, to facilitate its expanding newspaper business in these three cities and to share reporting. This service also provided news items to other newspapers, leading to the formation of the Hearst News Service.<ref name="Journalism. 2009 p. 775">''Encyclopedia of Journalism''. (2009). United States: SAGE Publications, p. 775.</ref><ref>''Editor & Publisher'', January 20, 1917, Volume 49, Issue 32, p. 13.</ref>

===International News Service===

In May 1909, the Hearst publishing organization established the [[American News Service|American News Service (ANS)]], headquartered in New York. The American News Service was formed to sell Hearst's wire reports to outside morning papers in the United States. [[Curtis J. Mar]] was appointed the first president and general manager of the ANS, succeeded the same year by Richard A. Farrelly. The service was expanded to include foreign news reporting from August 1909.<ref name="Richard A 1989 p. 229">[[Richard A. Schwarzlose|Schwarzlose, R. A.]] (1989). ''The Nation's Newsbrokers: The rush to institution, from 1865 to 1920'', Northwestern University Press, p. 229.</ref><ref name="Journalism. 2009 p. 775"/>

Shortly after its establishment, the American News Service was split into two divisions to cater to morning and evening newspapers across the United States. In order to reflect its widened news field which now included reporting of the domestic and foreign news, the American News Service was renamed the International News Service (INS) in January 1910. The INS was responsible for providing overnight reports to morning newspapers seven days a week. At the same time, Hearst established the [[National News Association|National News Association (NNA)]] to provide six day a week news report for evening newspapers.<ref name="Richard A 1989 p. 229"/>

In 1911, the National News Association was dissolved: ultimately, the morning and evening services were integrated and operated under the INS banner.<ref name="Journalism. 2009 p. 775"/>

In 1916, [[Earl Barry Faris|E. Barry Faris]] joined the INS as a correspondent and news manager in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>''The Editor and Publisher'', ‘International News Service. Organization Received Many Congratulations on Its Effective Work', November 11, 1916, Vol. 49, Issue 22, p. 8.</ref> Consequently, E. Barry Faris stayed with the INS for the next forty years and became one of the key figures in the organization: he served as an assistant to editorial managers [[Marlen E. Pew]] and [[George Gershon Shor|George G. Shor]]. In 1927 E. Barry Faris was promoted to general news manager and in 1932 became the editor of the INS, a position he held until the INS and United Press were merged in 1958.<ref>Koenigsberg, M. (1941). ''King News: An Autobiography''. United States: F.A. Stokes Company, p. 458.</ref><ref>[[Richard A. Schwarzlose|Schwarzlose, R. A.]] (1989). ''The Nation's Newsbrokers: The rush to institution, from 1865 to 1920'', Northwestern University Press, p. 230.</ref>

[[File:30-yrs-of-momentous-journalism-with-ins-14-feb-1950.jpg|thumb|right|300 px|The INS press release (February 14, 1950): "30 Years of Momentous Journalism with INS"]]

Established two years after Hearst-competitor [[E.W. Scripps]] combined three smaller syndicates under his control into [[United Press International|United Press Associations]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/deadlineeverymin013289mbp | title = Deadline Every Minute The Story Of The United Press - ARCHIVE.ORG ONLINE VERSION | year = 1957|author= Joe Alex Morris | publisher = Doubleday & Company }}</ref> INS battled the other major newswires. It added a picture service, International News Photos, or INP. The Hearst [[newsreel]] series ''[[Hearst Metrotone News]]'' (1914–1967) was released as ''International Newsreel'' from January 1919 to July 1929. Universal Service, another Hearst-owned news agency, merged with International News Service in 1937.<ref name="Time, Universal Service2">''[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,883675,00.html The Press: Mouthpiece Merged],'' ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]],'' August 23, 1937</ref> Always a distant third to its larger rivals the [[Associated Press]] and the [[United Press International|United Press]], the INS was merged with UP on May 24, 1958, to become [[United Press International|UPI]].

New York City's all-news radio station, [[WINS (AM)|WINS]], then under Hearst ownership, took its call letters from INS,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2008/11/04/wins-history-the-early-years-from-the-airwaves-of-new-york-2/|title=WINS History: The Early Years From The Airwaves of New York|date=4 November 2008|website=cbslocal.com}}</ref> as did the short-lived (1948–49), [[DuMont Television Network]] nightly newscast, ''[[I.N.S. Telenews]]''.

===Notable employees and contributors===

Among those who worked for INS were future broadcasters [[William Shirer]], [[Edwin Newman]], [[Bob Clark (television reporter)|Bob Clark]], [[Freeman Fulbright]], and [[Irving R. Levine]], who in 1950 covered the outbreak of war in Korea for INS.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/28/business/28levine.html?_r=1&ref=obituaries |author=Weber, Bruce |title=Irving R. Levine, NBC News Correspondent, Dies at 86 |newspaper=The New York Times|date=2009-03-28 |access-date=2009-03-28}}</ref> [[Marion Carpenter]], the first woman national press photographer to cover Washington, D.C., and the White House, and to travel with a US president, also had worked for the INS.<ref name=APress>The Associated Press (AP): "Remembering Marion Carpenter: Pioneer White House Photographer Dies," {{cite web |url=http://www.whnpa.org/about/carpenter.htm |title=Marion Carpenter |access-date=2010-11-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129181805/http://whnpa.org/about/carpenter.htm |archive-date=2010-11-29 }}, retrieved November 25, 2002.</ref> The INS also counted among its ranks other famous journalists, including [[Jack Lait]], [[Damon Runyon]], [[Karl Henry von Wiegand]], [[Otto D. Tolischus]], [[Dorothy Thompson]], [[Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker]], [[Pierre J. Huss]], [[Richard Tregaskis]], [[Max Jordan]].<ref name="Journalism. 2009 pp. 775-776"/>