Editing Intellectual capital (section)

==Classification==
Intellectual capital is normally classified as follows:

*[[Human capital]], the value that the employees of a business provide through the application of [[skill]]s, [[know-how]] and [[expertise]]<ref name="Maddocks">{{cite journal |last1=Maddocks |first1=Jon |last2=Beaney |first2=Mark |date=March 2002 |title=See the invisible and intangible |journal=Knowledge Management |pages=16–17}}</ref>{{snd}} Human capital is an organization's combined human capability for solving business problems and exploiting its [[Intellectual Property|intellectual property]]. Human capital is inherent in people and cannot be owned by an organization.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Younis |first1=Raghda |title=Human Resource Management Practices and the perceived Hospital performance The mediating role of Intellectual Capital |journal=المجلة العلمیة للإقتصاد و التجارة |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=559–586 |doi=10.21608/jsec.2018.39411 |url=http://journals.ekb.eg/article_39411_0cbdae46d450c1785dac0b6e7bc2c5cd.pdf|year=2018 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Therefore, human capital can leave an organization when people leave, and if the [[management]] has failed to provide a setting where others can pick up their know-how. Human capital also encompasses how effectively an organization uses its people resources as measured by [[creativity]] and [[Innovation]].
*[[Structural capital]], the supportive non-physical infrastructure, processes and [[database]]s of the organisation that enable human capital to function<ref name="Maddocks" />{{snd}} Structural capital includes processes, [[patent]]s, and [[trademark]]s, as well as the organization's image, [[Organizational structure|organization]], [[information system]], and proprietary [[software]] and databases. Because of its diverse components, structural capital can be classified further into organization, process and innovation capital. [[Organizational capital]] includes the organization philosophy and systems for leveraging the organization's capability. Process capital includes the techniques, procedures, and programs that implement and enhance the delivery of goods and services. Innovation capital includes [[intellectual property]] such as patents, trademarks and [[copyright]]s, and intangible assets.<ref name=EdvinssonMalone1997/> Intellectual properties are protected commercial rights such as patents, [[trade secret]]s, copyrights and trademarks. Intangible assets are all of the other talents and theory by which an organization is run.
*[[Relational capital]], consisting of such elements as [[customer]] relationships, supplier relationships, trademarks and [[trade name]]s (which have value only by virtue of customer relationships), [[License|licences]], and [[Franchising|franchises]]{{snd}} The notion that customer capital is separate from human and structural capital indicates its central importance to an organization's worth.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Skyrme |first=David J. |date=March 1998 |title=Valuing knowledge: is it worth it? |journal=Managing Information |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=24–26 |issn=1352-0229 |url=https://www.skyrme.com/pubs/im0398.htm}}</ref> The value of the relationships a business maintains with its customers and suppliers is also referred as goodwill, but often poorly booked in corporate accounts, because of accounting rules.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Levey |first1=Marc M. |last2=Wrappe |first2=Steven C. |date=2013 |title=Transfer Pricing: Rules, Compliance, and Controversy |edition=4th |location=Chicago |publisher=CCH Incorporated |isbn=9780808030928 |oclc=864709704}}</ref>