Editing Industrial Revolution (section)

==Etymology==
The earliest recorded use of "Industrial Revolution" was in 1799 by French envoy [[Louis-Guillaume Otto]], announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.<ref name="The industrial revolution in national context: Europe and the USA"/> [[Raymond Williams]] states: "The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in [[Robert Southey|Southey]] and [[Robert Owen|Owen]], between 1811-18, and was implicit as early as [[William Blake|Blake]] in the early 1790s and [[William Wordsworth|Wordsworth]] at the turn of the [19th] century." The term ''Industrial Revolution'' applied to technological change was becoming more common by the 1830s, as in [[Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui]]'s description in 1837 of {{Lang|fr|la révolution industrielle}}.<ref>Blanqui, Jérôme-Adolphe, ''Histoire de l'économie politique en Europe depuis les anciens jusqu'à nos jours'', 1837, {{ISBN|978-0-543-94762-8}}</ref> [[Friedrich Engels]] in ''[[The Condition of the Working Class in England]]'' in 1844 spoke of "an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to [[Arnold Toynbee (historian, born 1852)|Arnold Toynbee]], whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.<ref name="The Industrial Revolution13"/>

Economic historians and authors such as Mendels, [[Kenneth Pomeranz|Pomeranz]], and Kridte argue that proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the [[Muslim world]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughal India]], and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the [[Great Divergence]].<ref name="Ogilvie 2008">{{cite book|first=Sheilagh |last=Ogilvie |chapter=Protoindustrialization |pages=711–714|title=The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics|editor1-first=Steven |editor1-last=Durlauf|editor2-first=Lawrence |editor2-last=Blume|volume=6 |isbn=978-0-230-22642-5|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2008}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Elvin |first=Mark |author-link=Mark Elvin |title=The Pattern of the Chinese Past |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-8047-0876-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/patternofchines00elvi |pages=7, 113–199}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last1=Broadberry|first1=Stephen N.|last2=Guan|first2=Hanhui|last3=Li|first3=David D.|date=1 April 2017|title=China, Europe and the Great Divergence: A Study in Historical National Accounting, 980–1850|journal=CEPR Discussion Paper|ssrn=2957511}}</ref> Some historians, such as [[John Clapham (economic historian)|John Clapham]] and [[Nicholas Crafts]], have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that the term ''revolution'' is a misnomer.<ref>Nicholas Crafts, "The first industrial revolution: Resolving the slow growth/rapid industrialization paradox." ''Journal of the European Economic Association'' 3.2–3 (2005): 525–534.</ref>