Editing Indian Institute of Science (section)

==History==
=== Foundations and early history ===
{| class="wikitable floatright plainrowheaders" style="width:22em;"
|+Directors<ref name="apc.iisc.ernet.in">{{cite web|url=http://apc.iisc.ernet.in/iisc_heritage.htm|title=Indian Institute of Science Archives|publisher=Archives and Publications Cell, IISc, Bangalore|year=2008|author=Revised |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529032716/http://apc.iisc.ernet.in/iisc_heritage.htm|archive-date=29 May 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Morris Travers|M. W. Travers]]
| FRS, 1909–1914<ref name="apc.iisc.ernet.in"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://alumni.iisc.ernet.in/IISc-100-ranganathan.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://alumni.iisc.ernet.in/IISc-100-ranganathan.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Indian Institute of Science: The First Hundred Years|publisher=IISC|access-date=29 March 2013}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | [[Alfred Gibbs Bourne|Sir A.G. Bourne]]<ref name="apc.iisc.ernet.in"/>
| FRS, 1915–1921
|-
! scope="row" | [[Martin Onslow Forster|Sir Martin O. Forster]]
| FRS, 1922–1933
|-
! scope="row" | [[Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman|Sir C.V. Raman]]
| FRS, 1933–1937
|-
! scope="row" | [[Jnan Chandra Ghosh|Sir J.C. Ghosh]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/seta/2002/12/12/stories/2002121200120300.htm |title=The Hindu: An institution builder |publisher=Hinduonnet.com |access-date=1 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606102111/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/seta/2002/12/12/stories/2002121200120300.htm |archive-date=6 June 2011 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|1939–1948
|-
! scope="row" | [[M. S. Thacker]]
| 1949–1955
|-
! scope="row" | [[S. Bhagavantam]]
| 1957–1962
|-
! scope="row" | [[Satish Dhawan|S. Dhawan]]
| 1962–1981
|-
! scope="row" | [[S. Ramaseshan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ias.ac.in/academy/ramasesan_pop.html |title=Indian Academy of Sciences&nbsp;— Prof. S. Ramaseshan |publisher=Ias.ac.in |date=10 October 1923 |access-date=1 September 2010}}</ref>
| 1981–1984
|-
! scope="row" | [[C.N.R. Rao]]
| FRS, 1984–1994
|-
! scope="row" | [[G. Padmanaban]]
| 1994–1998
|-
! scope="row" | [[Goverdhan Mehta]]
| FRS 1998–2005
|-
! scope="row" | [[Padmanabhan Balaram|P. Balaram]]
| 2005–2014
|-
! scope="row" | [[Anurag Kumar]]
| 2014–2020
|-
! scope="row" | [[Govindan Rangarajan]]
| 2020–
|}

[[File:Iisc-Founder.jpg|right|thumb|[[Jamsetji Tata]], founder]]

After an accidental meeting between [[Jamsetji Tata]] and [[Swami Vivekananda]], on a ship in 1893 where they discussed Tata's plan of bringing the steel industry to India, Tata wrote to Vivekananda five years later: "I trust, you remember me as a fellow-traveller on your voyage from Japan to [[Chicago]]. I very much recall at this moment your views on the growth of the ascetic spirit in India... I recall these ideas in connection with my scheme of Research Institute of Science for India, of which you have doubtless heard or read."<ref>
{{cite news
 | title   =President's Address at the Integrity India Campaign by the CII at Coimbatore
 | publisher = Press Information Bureau, Government of India
 | date = 19 December 2006
 | url = http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=23504
 | access-date = 15 June 2007
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 | last = Gandhi | first = Divya
 | title = Story of IISc to be relived through an archives cell
 | newspaper = [[The Hindu]]
 | date = 4 June 2007
 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/04/stories/2007060404540200.htm
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930231950/http://www.hindu.com/2007/06/04/stories/2007060404540200.htm
 | url-status = dead
 | archive-date = 30 September 2007
 | access-date = 15 June 2007
 | location=Chennai, India
}}</ref>

Impressed by Vivekananda's views on science and leadership abilities, Tata wanted him to guide his campaign. Vivekananda endorsed the project with enthusiasm, and Tata, with the aim of advancing the scientific capabilities of the country, constituted a provisional committee to prepare a plan for setting up of an institute of research and higher education. The committee presented a draft proposal to [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy]] [[George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston|George Curzon]] on 31 December 1898.<ref name="history">{{cite web | url=http://cts.iisc.ernet.in/IISc_History.html | title=A Historical Perspective | publisher=Indian Institute of Science | access-date=19 October 2012 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528235745/http://cts.iisc.ernet.in/IISc_History.html | archive-date=28 May 2013}}</ref> Subsequently, [[Sir William Ramsay]], a [[Nobel Laureate]], was called on to propose a suitable place for such an institution who suggested Bangalore as the best location.

The land and other facilities for the institution were donated by [[Maharaja of Mysore|Maharaja]] [[Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV|Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV]] and Tata. The maharaja donated about {{convert|371|acre}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/content_Aboutiisc.html |title= :: Indian Institute of Science ::|website=iisc.ernet.in |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230014431/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/content_Aboutiisc.html |archive-date=30 December 2011}}</ref> of land; Tata gave several buildings towards the creation of IISc.  This land included the former village of Medaraninganahalli. A Kannada inscription dated to 1669 CE records the donation of Medaraninganahalli to the Mallapura Mallikarjuna temple by the Maratha king Ekoji I. [[Malleshwaram (Bengaluru) Inscriptions and Herostones|More information about this inscription can be found here]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikimaps Warper: Viewing Map 1996 |url=https://warper.wmflabs.org/maps/1996#Preview_tab |access-date=2024-01-09 |website=warper.wmflabs.org}}</ref> The maharaja also granted Rs 5,00,000 towards capital expenditure and Rs 50,000 for annual expense.<ref>[https://www.iisc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ORIGIN.pdf Origin] iisc.ac.in March 2018</ref><ref><nowiki>{{cite web
 | title = Science with a soul
 | url = </nowiki>http://www.tata.com/0_about_us/history/lasting_legacies/20040811_iisc.htm
 | publisher = [[Tata Group]]
 | access-date = 15 June 2007
 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080220071213/http://www.tata.com/0_about_us/history/lasting_legacies/20040811_iisc.htm|archive-date<nowiki> = 20 February 2008}}</nowiki></ref> [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizam]] [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|Osman Ali Khan]] also contributed, which amounted to around Rs 3,00,000 over a period of 31 years.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://telanganatoday.com/reminiscing-seventh-nizam-enormous-contribution-education |title = Reminiscing the seventh Nizam's enormous contribution to education |publisher= telanganatoday| date= 27 March 2017}}</ref>

The constitution of the institute was approved by Viceroy [[Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto|Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound]], and the necessary "vesting order" to enable it to function was signed on 27 May 1909.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news|last=Warrier|first=BS|title=The IISc stamp on science research|url=http://www.thehindu.com/education/research/the-iisc-stamp-on-science-research/article2844709.ece|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130204052632/http://www.thehindu.com/education/research/the-iisc-stamp-on-science-research/article2844709.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 February 2013|access-date=22 August 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|date=30 January 2012|location=Chennai, India}}</ref> Early in 1911, the maharaja laid the foundation stone of the institute, and on 24 July, the first batch of students were admitted to the Departments of General and Applied Chemistry under Norman Rudolf and Electro-Technology under Alfred Hay. Within two months, the Department of Organic Chemistry was opened. In 1958, the institute was [[deemed university|deemed a university]] by the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission of India]].<ref name=Deemed>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/Deemed%20University/Deemed%20University%20Final%20List%20as%20on%2006-10-2017.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/Deemed%20University/Deemed%20University%20Final%20List%20as%20on%2006-10-2017.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=List of Institutions of higher education which have been declared as Deemed to be Universities as on 06.10.2017|date=6 October 2017|access-date=30 October 2017|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]}}</ref>

At the time of the inception of IISc in 1909, [[Morris Travers]], [[Sir William Ramsay]]'s co-worker in the discovery of the noble gases, became its first director. For Travers, this was a natural continuation of his work on the institute, since he had played a role in its founding. The first [[Indian people|Indian]] director was the Nobel Laureate [[Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman|Sir C.V. Raman]].<ref name="hindu" />

The institute was the first to introduce a master's programs in engineering. It has also started integrated doctoral programmes in biological, chemical, physical, and mathematical sciences for natural science graduates.<ref name="history"/>

=== Recent History ===
{{main|2005 Indian Institute of Science shooting}}
On 28 December 2005, two terrorists started firing indiscriminately inside the IISc campus. [[Munish Chander Puri]], a professor from IIT Delhi, died in the attack. Four others were injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/ten-years-on-iisc-attack-mastermind-at-large/article8032034.ece|title=Ten years on, IISc. attack mastermind at large|author=Staff Reporter|newspaper=The Hindu|date=27 December 2015|via=thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/IISCs-Security-Was-Beefed-Up-After-the-Attack-10-Years-Ago/2015/12/28/article3199547.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105113846/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/IISCs-Security-Was-Beefed-Up-After-the-Attack-10-Years-Ago/2015/12/28/article3199547.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 January 2016|title=IISC's Security Was Beefed Up After the Attack 10 Years Ago}}</ref>

In 2018, the IISc was one of the first six institutes to be awarded the [[Institute of Eminence]] status.<ref name=PR6>{{cite press release|title=Government declares 6 educational 'Institutions of Eminence'; 3 Institutions from Public Sector and 3 from Private Sector shortlisted |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1538188 |website=pib.gov.in |access-date=15 October 2019|publisher=[[Ministry of Human Resource Development]]|date=9 July 2018}}</ref> In 2019, the IISc launched its brand statement: "Discover and Innovate; Transform and Transcend; Serve and Lead".<ref>{{cite web|title=Press Note on IISc brand Identity|url=https://www.iisc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Press-note-on-IIScs-brand-identity.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.iisc.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Press-note-on-IIScs-brand-identity.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2022, the IISc received a private donation of 425 crore Indian Rupees, the largest in its history, to establish a postgraduate medical institute.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-02-15 |title=Bengaluru: IISc receives Rs 425-crore donation to set up medical institute, 800-bed multi-speciality hospital |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-iisc-425-crore-donation-medical-institute-800-bed-multi-speciality-hospital-7773119/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228080507/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-iisc-425-crore-donation-medical-institute-800-bed-multi-speciality-hospital-7773119/ |archive-date=2022-02-28}}</ref>