Editing Ignaz Semmelweis (section)

==Family and early life==
[[File:Semmelweis Ignác szülei.jpg|thumb|300px|alt=At left, a painted portrait of a woman in a black dress with a frilled hood and ruffled collar. At right, a painted picture of a man in a black coat wearing a cravat.|Theresia Müller and Joseph Semmelweis, the parents of Ignaz Semmelweis]]
[[File:Semmelweis Ignác Landau Lénárd.jpg|thumb|right|alt=A painted portrait of a boy in a black coat and a red shirt, holding a book in his right hand.|Child portrait of Semmelweis, 1830]]

Ignaz Semmelweis was born on 1 July 1818 in the [[Tabán]] neighbourhood of [[Buda]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867)|Kingdom of Hungary]],{{sfn |Péter |2012 |p=7}}{{efn-ua|Hungary was officially recognized as "(an independent kingdom) within the Habsburg Monarchy". Orsolya Szakaly, "Opportunity or Threat? Napoleon and the Hungarian Estates", in ''Collaboration and Resistance in Napoleonic Europe'', Michael Rowe (ed.), Palgrave Macmillan 2003 {{ISBN|978-0-333-98454-3}}}} [[Austrian Empire]]. He was the fifth child out of 10 of the prosperous [[grocer]] family of József Semmelweis and Teréz Müller.

Of [[Germans of Hungary|German]] ancestry, his father was an ethnic German born in Kismarton, in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (now [[Eisenstadt]], [[Austria]]), and his mother an ethnic German from [[Buda]]. József Semmelweis was granted citizenship in Buda in 1806 and, in the same year, he opened a wholesale business for spices and general consumer goods.{{efn-ua|Translated from: Spezereien- und Kolonialwarengroßhandlung{{Clarify|date=October 2008}}}} The company was named ''Zum weißen Elefanten'' (At the White Elephant) in the Meindl House (today's [[Semmelweis Museum of Medical History]], located at 1–3 Apród Street, [[Budapest]]).{{sfn|Baum|2018|p=11}}{{sfn|Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum}} By 1810, he was a wealthy man and married Teréz Müller, daughter of the coachbuilder Fülöp Müller.{{sfn|Antall|Szebellédy|1973}}

Ignaz began studying law at the [[University of Vienna]] in the autumn of 1837, but switched to medicine. He was awarded his doctor of medicine degree in 1844. After failing to obtain an appointment in a clinic for internal medicine, Semmelweis specialized in obstetrics.{{sfn|Semmelweis|1983|p=16}} His teachers included [[Carl von Rokitansky]], [[Joseph Škoda]], and [[Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra|Ferdinand von Hebra]].