Editing Iblis (section)

== Naming, etymology, and origin ==
In Islamic traditions, ''Iblīs'' is known by many alternative names or titles, such as ''Abū Murrah'' ([[Arabic]]: <big>أَبُو مُرَّة</big>, "Father of Bitterness") as the name stems from the word "''murr"'' – meaning "bitter", ‘''aduww Allāh'' or ‘''aduwallah'' ([[Arabic]]: <big>عُدُوّ الله</big>, "enemy or foe" of God)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Iblis|title = Iblis &#124; Meaning, Name, & Significance| date=26 February 2024 }}</ref> and ''Abū Al-Harith'' ([[Arabic]]: <big>أَبُو الْحَارِث</big>, "the father of the plowmen").<ref>{{cite book|first=Travis|last=Zadeh|chapter=Commanding Demons and Jinn: The Sorcerer in Early Islamic Thought|title=No Tapping around Philology: A Festschrift in Honor of Wheeler McIntosh Thackston Jr.'s 70th Birthday|editor1-first=Alireza|editor1-last=Korangy|editor2-first=Dan|editor2-last=Sheffield|publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag]]|location=Wiesbaden, Germany|date=2014|isbn=978-3447102155|page=149}}</ref>{{rp|p=149}}

The designation ''Iblīs'' ({{langx|ar|إِبْلِيس}}) may be an [[epithet]] referencing an [[Variable and attribute (research)|attribute]], deriving from the [[Arabic verbal root]] {{sc|bls}} {{lang|ar|ب-ل-س}} (with the broad meaning of "remain in grief").<ref>{{cite book|first=Ebrahim|last=Kazim|title=Scientific Commentary of Suratul Faateḥah|publisher=Pharos Media & Publishing|location=New Delhi, India|date=2010|isbn=978-8-172-21037-3}}</ref>{{rp|p=274}} According to [[Ibn Manzur]] this is the major opinion among Arab scholars, who maintain the tradition that the personal name of this being was ''[[Azazil|ʿAzāzīl]]''.<ref name="c084">{{cite journal | title=Dangers and Treatment of Hypocrites' Rumors Thematic Analytical Study | journal=مجلة الجامعة الإسلامية للدراسات الإسلامية (عقيدة - تفسير - حديث) | volume=29 | issue=1 | date=2021-01-01 | doi=10.33976/IUGJIS.29.1/2021/17 | doi-access=free | url=https://journals.iugaza.edu.ps/index.php/IUGJIS/article/download/7779/3582 | language=ar | access-date=2025-03-19 | page=}}</ref>

Some Muslim teachers, such as [[al-Jili]], relate this name to ''talbis'' meaning confusion, because God's command confused him.<ref name="r895">{{cite journal | last=Abu-Zaid | first=Nasr | title=The Perfect Man in Islam : A Textual Analysis | journal=大阪外国語大学学報 | publisher=大阪外国語大学 | volume=77 | date=1989-03-20 | pages=111–133 | url=https://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/repo/ouka/all/81225/ | language=ja | access-date=2025-03-19}}</ref>{{rp|p=123}}<ref>{{cite book|first=Reynold A.|last=Nicholson|title=Studies In Islamic Mysticism|publisher=[[Routledge]]|location=Abingdon, England|date=1998|isbn=978-1-136-17178-9|page=120}}</ref>{{rp|p=91}}

Another possibility is that the name is derived from [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|[[wiktionary:διάβολος|διάβολος]]}} ''({{Transliteration|grc|diábolos}})'' (which is also the source of the English word '[[devil]]') via a [[Syriac language|Syriac]] intermediary.<ref name="Basharin-2018">{{cite journal|first=Pavel V.|last=Basharin|title=The Problem of Free Will and Predestination in the Light of Satan's Justification in Early Sufism|journal=English Language Notes|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|location=Durham, North Carolina|volume=56|issue=1|date=April 1, 2018|pages=119–138|doi=10.1215/00138282-4337480|s2cid=165366613}}</ref>{{rp|p=133}}<ref name="Gardet-1971"/> The name itself is not found in Arab literature before the Quran, suggesting it is not of pre-Islamic Arabian origin.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jeffrey Burton|last=Russell|title=Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]|location=Ithaca, New York|date=1986|isbn=978-0-801-49429-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/luciferdevilinmi0000russ/page/55 55]|url=https://archive.org/details/luciferdevilinmi0000russ/page/55}}</ref>{{rp|p=54}}

The Quranic story of Iblis parallels extrabiblical sources, such as ''[[Life of Adam and Eve]]'',<ref name="Awn-1983"/>{{rp|p=20}} about Satan's fall from heaven, preponderant in Eastern Christian circles.<ref name="i466">{{cite book | last1=Houtman | first1=Alberdina | last2=Kadari | first2=Tamar | last3=Poorthuis | first3=Marcel | last4=Tohar | first4=Vered | title=Religious Stories in Transformation: Conflict, Revision and Reception | publisher=BRILL | publication-place=Leiden Boston | date=2016-10-18 | isbn=978-90-04-33481-6 | pages=111–133}}</ref>{{rp|p=66}} On a conceptual perspective, Iblis' theological function as a divinely appointed tempter parallels the evil angel [[Mastema]] from the [[Book of Jubilees]].<ref name="i466"/>{{rp|p=72}}