Editing Iazyges (section)

==Culture==
Although the Iazyges were [[nomad]]s before their migration to the Tisza plain, they became semi-sedentary once there, and lived in towns,{{sfn|Constantinescu|Pascu|Diaconu|1975|p=60}}{{sfn|Dise|1991|p=61}}{{sfn|Leslie|1999|p=168}}{{sfn|Kardulias|1998|p=249}}{{sfn|Castellan|1989|p=12}} although they migrated between these towns to allow their cattle to [[Grazing|graze]].{{sfn|Leslie|1999|p=168}}{{sfn|Pounds|1993|p=52}}{{sfn|Fehér|2017|p=23}} Their language was a dialect of [[Old Iranian]], which was quite different from most of the other Sarmatian dialects of Old Iranian.{{sfn|Harmatta|1970|p=96}}<!--Family--> According to the Roman writer [[Gaius Valerius Flaccus]], when an Iazyx became too old to fight in battle, they were killed by their sons{{Sfn|Wijsman|2000|p=2}}{{sfn|Parkin|2003|p=263}} or, according to Roman geographer [[Pomponius Mela]], threw themselves from a rock.{{sfn|Wijsman|2000|p=13}}

===Etymology===
The Iazyges' name was [[Latinisation of names|Latinized]] as ''{{lang|la|Iazyges Metanastae}}'' ({{lang|grc|Ἰάζυγες Μετανάσται}}) or ''{{lang|la|Jazyges}}'',{{sfn|Smith|1873|p=7}} or sometimes as ''{{lang|la|Iaxamatae}}''.{{sfn|Todd|2002|p=60}} Their name was also occasionally spelled as ''Iazuges''.{{sfn|Korkkanen|1975|p=66}} Several corruptions of their name, such as ''{{lang|la|Jazamatae}}'',{{sfn|Cook|Adcock|1965|p=93}} ''{{lang|la|Iasidae}}'',{{sfn|Bolecek|1973|p=149}} ''{{lang|la|Latiges}}'', and ''{{lang|la|Cizyges}}'', existed.{{sfn|Goodyear|2004|p=700}} Other modern English forms of their name are ''{{lang|en|Iazyigs}}'', ''{{lang|en|Iazygians}}'', ''{{lang|en|Iasians}}'', and ''{{lang|en|Yazigs}}''.{{sfn|Waldman|Mason|2006|p=879}} The root of the name may be [[Proto-Iranian language|Proto-Iranian]] ''*yaz-'', "to sacrifice", perhaps indicating a caste or tribe specializing in religious sacrifices.{{sfn|Lebedynsky|2014|pp=188 & 251}}
{{anchor|Names|Etymology}}

According to [[wikisource:Laurent, Peter Edmund (DNB00)|Peter Edmund Laurent]], a 19th-century French classical scholar, the Iazyges Metanastæ, a warlike Sarmatian race, which had migrated during the reign of the Roman Emperor [[Claudius]], and therefore received the name of "Metanastæ", resided in the mountains west of the Theiss ([[Tisza]]) and east of the Gran ([[Hron]]) and [[Danube]].{{sfn|Laurent|1830|p=157}} The Greek Metanastæ ({{langx|el|Μετανάσται}}) means "migrants". The united Scythians and Sarmatæ called themselves Iazyges, which Laurent connected with [[Old Church Slavonic]] {{lang|cu|[[wikt:ѩзꙑкъ|ѩзꙑкъ]]}} (''językŭ'', "tongue, language, people").{{sfn|Laurent|1830|p=311}}

===Burial traditions===
[[File:Sarmatian Iazyges Grave Sites.png|thumb|Illustration of several Iazygian grave sites{{sfn|Bârcă|Cociş|2013|p=41}}|alt=Black and white ink drawings of several Iazygian grave sites]]

The graves made by the Iazyges were often rectangular or circular,{{sfn|Bârcă|Simonenko|2009|p=463}} although some were ovoid, hexagonal, or even octagonal.{{sfn|Bârcă|Cociş|2013|p=41}} They were flat and were grouped like burials in modern cemeteries.{{sfn|Bacon|Lhote|1963|p=293}} Most of the graves' access openings face south, southeast, or southwest. The access openings are between {{convert|0.6|m|ft|0}} and {{cvt|1.1|m}} wide. The graves themselves are between {{cvt|5|m}} and {{cvt|13|m}} in diameter.{{sfn|Bârcă|Cociş|2013|p=41}}

After their migration to the Tisza plain, the Iazyges were in serious poverty.{{sfn|Harmatta|1970|pp=43–45}} This is reflected in the poor furnishings found at burial sites, which are often filled with clay vessels, beads, and sometimes brooches. Iron daggers and swords were very rarely found in the burial site. Their brooches and arm-rings were of the [[La Tène culture|La Tène type]], showing the Dacians had a distinct influence on the Iazyges.{{sfn|Bacon|Lhote|1963|p=293}} Later tombs showed an increase in material wealth; tombs of the 2nd to early 4th centuries had weapons in them 86% of the time and armor in them 5% of the time.{{sfn|Mode|Tubach|2006|p=438}} Iazygian tombs along the Roman border show a strong Roman influence.{{sfn|Brogan|1936|p=202}}

===Diet===
[[File:Sarmatian Iazyges Barrel Vessels.jpg|thumb|An illustration of several Iazygian barrel-shaped pots which have been discovered{{sfn|Views concerning barrel‑shaped vessels in the Sarmatian Iazyges environment|}}|alt=A black and white ink drawn illustration of three barrel-shaped pots.]]

Before their migration into the [[Pannonian Basin]], while still living north of [[Tyras]], on the north-western coast of the [[Black Sea]], the geographer [[Strabo]] states that their diet consisted largely of "honey, milk, and cheese".{{sfn|Higham|2018|p=44}} After their migration, the Iazyges were cattle breeders; they required salt to preserve their meat{{sfn|Groenman-Van Waateringe|1997|p=250}} but there were no salt mines within their territory.{{sfn|Vagalinski|2007|p=177}} According to [[Cassius Dio]], the Iazyges received grain from the Romans.{{sfn|Academia România|1980|p=224}}

The Iazyges used hanging, asymmetrical, barrel-shaped pots that had uneven weight distribution. The rope used to hang the pot was wrapped around the edges of the side collar; it is believed the rope was tied tightly to the pot, allowing it to spin in circles. Due to the spinning motion, there are several theories about the pot's uses. It is believed the small hanging pots were used to ferment alcohol using the seeds of touch-me-not balsam (''[[Impatiens noli-tangere]]''), and larger hanging pots were used to churn butter and make cheese.{{sfn|Views concerning barrel‑shaped vessels in the Sarmatian Iazyges environment|}}

===Military===
The Iazyges wore heavy armor, such as [[sugarloaf helm]]s,{{efn|Sugarloaf helms are a type of conical [[great helm]].{{sfn|Tschen-Emmons|2015|p=38}}}}{{sfn|MacKendrick|1975|p=88}} and [[scale armor]] made of iron, bronze, [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]], or [[horse hoof]], which was sewn onto a leather gown so the scales would partially overlap.{{sfn|Hinds|2009|pp=48–49}}{{sfn|Erdkamp|2007|p=747}}{{sfn|Summer|D'Amato|2009|p=191}}{{sfn|Stover|2012|p=9}} They used long, two-handed lances called {{lang|la|[[contus]]}}; they wielded these from horses, which they [[barding|barded]].{{efn|Barding is the practice of giving armor to a horse to protect it.{{sfn|G.G. Lepage|2014|p=97}}}}{{sfn|McLaughlin|2016|p=148}} Their military was exclusively cavalry.{{sfn|Ridgeway|2015|p=116}} They are believed to have used [[saddle blanket]]s on their horses.{{sfn|von Hesberg|1990|p=287}} Although it was originally [[Gaul]]ish, it is believed the Iazyges used the {{lang|la|[[carnyx]]}}, a trumpet-like wind instrument.{{Sfn|Daicoviciu|1960|p=152}}

===Religion===
One of the Iazygian towns, [[Bormanon]], is believed to have had [[hot spring]]s because settlement names starting with "Borm" were commonly used among European tribes to denote that the location had hot springs, which held religious importance for many [[Celts|Celtic]] tribes. It is not known, however, whether the religious significance of the hot springs was passed on to the Iazyges with the concept itself.{{sfn|Dowden|2013|p=45}} The Iazyges used horse-tails in their religious rituals.{{sfn|Preble|1980|p=69}}