Editing Hugh Masekela (section)

==Early life==
Hugh Ramapolo Masekela was born in the township of [[KwaGuqa]] in [[Witbank]] (now called Emalahleni), South Africa, to Thomas Selena Masekela, who was a health inspector and sculptor and his wife, Pauline Bowers Masekela, a social worker.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/2018/01/23/obituaries/hugh-masekela-dies.html|title=Hugh Masekela, Trumpeter and Anti-Apartheid Activist, Dies at 78|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=23 January 2018|author=Russonello, Giovanni}}</ref> His younger sister [[Barbara Masekela]] is a poet, educator and [[ANC]] activist. As a child, he began singing and playing piano and was largely raised by his grandmother, who ran an illegal bar for miners.<ref name="NYT"/> At the age of 14, after seeing the 1950 film ''[[Young Man with a Horn (film)|Young Man with a Horn]]'' (in which [[Kirk Douglas]] plays a character modelled on American jazz cornetist [[Bix Beiderbecke]]), Masekela took up playing the trumpet. His first trumpet was bought for him from a local music store by Archbishop [[Trevor Huddleston]],<ref name=bbc-did>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00938bc|title=Desert Islands Discs: Hugh Masekela|first=Sue|last=Lawley|date=16 July 2004|access-date=7 July 2018|website=BBC}}</ref> the [[Internal resistance to apartheid|anti-apartheid]] chaplain at St. Peter's Secondary School now known as [[St. Martin's School (Rosettenville)]].<ref>Fairweather, Digby, ''The Rough Guide to Jazz'', St. Martin's Press (2004), p. 13 – {{ISBN|0-312-27870-5}}.</ref><ref name=bbc>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42787109|title=Hugh Masekela: South Africa's 'Father of Jazz'|first=Flora|last=Drury|date=23 January 2018|access-date=23 January 2018|website=BBC}}</ref>

Huddleston asked the leader of the then [[Johannesburg]] "Native" Municipal Brass Band, Uncle Sauda, to teach Masekela the rudiments of trumpet playing.<ref name=enca>{{cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/life/entertainment/rip-hugh-masekelas-train-comes-to-a-halt|title='Father of South African jazz' Hugh Masekela dies|website=Enca.com|date=23 January 2018|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709094424/https://www.enca.com/life/entertainment/rip-hugh-masekelas-train-comes-to-a-halt|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masekela quickly mastered the instrument. Soon, some of his schoolmates also became interested in playing instruments, leading to the formation of the Huddleston Jazz Band, South Africa's first youth orchestra.<ref name=enca/> When [[Louis Armstrong]] heard of this band from his friend Huddleston he sent one of his own trumpets as a gift for Hugh.<ref name=bbc-did/> By 1956, after leading other ensembles, Masekela joined [[Alfred Herbert]]'s African Jazz Revue.<ref name="Mojapelo2008">{{cite book|last=Mojapelo|first=Max |title=Beyond Memory: Recording the History, Moments and Memories of South African Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-KW9f02oNMC&pg=PA268|year=2008|publisher=African Minds|isbn=978-1-920299-28-6|pages=268–}}</ref>

From 1954, Masekela played music that closely reflected his life experience. The agony, conflict, and exploitation faced by South Africa during the 1950s and 1960s inspired and influenced him to make music and also spread political change.  He was an artist who in his music vividly portrayed the struggles and sorrows, as well as the joys and passions of his country. His music protested about [[apartheid]], [[slavery]], government; the hardships individuals were living. Masekela reached a large population that also felt oppressed due to the country's situation.<ref name="Stanley Niaah2007">{{cite book|last=Stanley Niaah|first=Sonjah|author-link=Sonjah Stanley Niaah|editor-first1=Katherine |editor-last1=McKittrick |editor-first2=Clyde Adrian |editor-last2=Woods|title=Black Geographies and the Politics of Place|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJ2AAAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=South End Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=978-0-89608-773-6|pages=193–217|chapter=Mapping of Black Atlantic Performance Geographies: From Slave Ship to Ghetto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ritmoartists.com/Hugh/Masekela.htm |title=Hugh Masekela |access-date=29 February 2008 |archive-date=14 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214080650/http://www.ritmoartists.com/Hugh/Masekela.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Following a [[Manhattan Brothers]] tour of [[South Africa]] in 1958, Masekela joined the orchestra of the musical ''[[King Kong (1959 musical)|King Kong]]'', written by [[Todd Matshikiza]].<ref name=sahistory>{{cite web|url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/hugh-masekela|title=Hugh Masekela|date=17 February 2011|website=Sahistory.org.za|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> ''King Kong'' was South Africa's first blockbuster theatrical success, touring the country for a sold-out year with [[Miriam Makeba]] and the Manhattan Brothers' Nathan Mdledle in the lead. The musical later went to London's [[West End theatre|West End]] for two years.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RG_LAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT372|title=Motown Encyclopedia|first=Graham|last=Betts|date=2014|publisher=AC Publishing|isbn=9781311441546}}</ref>