Editing Hudson River (section)

==Names==
<!--[[File:Bierstadt - discovery of the hudson river.jpg|thumb|left|''Discovery of the Hudson River'', [[Albert Bierstadt]], 1874]]-->
The river was called ''{{lang|moh|Ka’nón:no}}''<ref>{{cite web |title=Hudson River, NY |url=https://kanienkeha.net/places/lakes-and-rivers/kanon-no/ |website=Kanien'kéha |date=August 24, 2016 |access-date=24 August 2021 |archive-date=October 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018022002/https://kanienkeha.net/places/lakes-and-rivers/kanon-no/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> or ''Ca-ho-ha-ta-te-a'' ("the river"<!--or "place to catch shad"?<ref name="Guide"/>-->)<ref name="AutoKB-1"/> by the [[Haudenosaunee]], and it was known as ''{{lang|mjy|Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk}}'' ("river that flows two ways" or "waters that are never still"<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Scott |first=Andrea K. |title=Maya Lin |department=Goings On About Town |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/12/24 |date=December 24, 2018 |magazine=The New Yorker |page=8 |quote=The Mohican name for the Hudson River was Mahicannituc—waters that are never still |archive-date=2019-01-12 |archive-url=
https://web.archive.org/web/20190112210305/https://www.newyorker.com/goings-on-about-town/art/maya-lin-11}}</ref>) or ''{{lang|mjy|Mahicannittuk}}''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Miles |first1=Lion G. |title=Mohican Dictionary |url=https://www.mohican.com/mt-content/uploads/2015/11/mohican-dictionary.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819220510/http://mohican.com/mt-content/uploads/2015/11/mohican-dictionary.pdf |archive-date=2016-08-19 |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> by the [[Mohican|Mohican nation]] who formerly inhabited both banks of the lower portion of the river. The meaning of the Mohican name comes from the river's long tidal range. The [[Delaware Tribe of Indians]] (Bartlesville, Oklahoma) considers the closely related Mohicans to be a part of the [[Lenape]] people,<ref name="AutoKB-2"/> and so the Lenape also claim the Hudson as part of their ancestral territory, also calling it ''{{lang|umu|Muhheakantuck}}''.<ref name="NYT on Muhheakantuck"/>
<!--To the Lenape and [[Mohican]] tribes, it was known as ''Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk'' ("great waters constantly in motion"); the Mohicans also called it the Shattemuck. Verrazzano called it the Grande Rivière or the Angoleme in 1524, while Gomez in 1525 called it the "Rio San Antonio", later called the "Rio de Gomez" or "Rio Guamas". Maps from 1569 called it the Norumbeza. Henry Hudson in 1609 called it the Manhattes after the tribe at the river's mouth. The Dutch in 1611 called it the Mauritius River, Mauritz River, or River of the Prince (after [[Prince Maurice of Nassau]]). In 1625, Johannes DeLaet called it the Rio de Montaigne. The Dutch also called it the Nassau River, and next as the Groote or Great River. The English used the names Manhattan River, Great River, River of the Mountains, North River, or commonly Hudson's River, shortened to its current name.<ref name="Guide"/>-->

The first known European name for the river was the Rio San Antonio as named by the Portuguese explorer in Spain's employ, [[Estêvão Gomes]], who explored the Mid-Atlantic coast in 1525.<ref name="Hudson, Charles H 1874, p. 1-2"/> Another early name for the Hudson used by the Dutch was ''Rio de Montaigne''.<ref name="RiodeMontagne"/> Later, they generally termed it the ''Noortrivier'', or "[[North River (Hudson River)|North River]]", the [[Delaware River]] being known as the ''Zuidrivier'', or "South River". Other occasional names for the Hudson included ''Manhattes rieviere'' "Manhattan River", ''Groote Rivier'' "Great River", and ''de grootte Mouritse reviere'', or "the Great Maurits River" (after [[Maurice, Prince of Orange]]).<ref name="AutoD3-4"/>

The translated name North River was used in the [[New York metropolitan area]] up until the early 1900s, with limited use continuing into the present day.<ref name="steinhauer"/> The term persists in radio communication among commercial shipping traffic, especially below the [[Tappan Zee]].<ref name="Stanne"/> The term also continues to be used in names of facilities in the river's southern portion, such as the [[North River piers]], [[North River Tunnels]], and the [[North River Wastewater Treatment Plant]]. It is believed that the first use of the name Hudson River in a map was in a map created by the cartographer John Carwitham in 1740.<ref name="nytimes carwitham"/>{{Disputed inline|Origins of the name "Hudson River"|date=January 2024}}

[[File:Hudson-East Rivers.png|thumb|The New York City section of the Hudson river highlighted in yellow. The mouth of the Hudson at center is located between Jersey City and Manhattan]]
In 1939, the magazine ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' described the river as "America's Rhine", comparing it to the {{convert|760|mi|adj=on}} [[Rhine]] in Central and Western Europe.<ref name="America's Rhine"/>

The tidal Hudson is unusually straight for a river, and the earliest colonial Dutch charts of the Hudson River designated the narrow, meandering stretches as ''racks'', or reaches.<ref>{{Cite web |title=519 Map of a part of New Netherland, in addition to the newly discovered country, baye with drye rivers, laying at a height of 38 to 40 degrees, by yachts called Onrust, skipper Cornelis Hendricx, van Munnickendam  |url=https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/onderzoeken/archief/4.VEL/invnr/519/file/NL-HaNA_4.VEL_519 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Nationaal Archief }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Noort Rivier in Niew Neerlandt. |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2003623406/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Library of Congress A|date=January 1639 }}</ref> These names included the four "lower reaches" through the [[Hudson Highlands]] (Seylmakers rack, Cocks rack, Hoogh rack, and Vosserack) plus the four "upper reaches" from Inbocht Bay to Kinderhook (Backers rack, Jan Pleysiers rack, Klevers rack, and Harts rack). A ninth reach was described as "the long reach" by the Englishman Robert Juet and designated as the Langerack by the Dutch.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juet |first=Robert |date=1625 |title=The third Voyage of Master HENRIE HVDSON |url=http://international.loc.gov/service/rbc/rbdk/d0403/06370594.jpg |access-date=July 27, 2022 |website=The Kraus Collection of Sir Francis Drake, Library of Congress}}</ref> An embellished (and partly erroneous) list of "The Old Reaches" was published in a tourist guidebook for steamboat passengers in the nineteenth century.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruce |first=Wallace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bn07AQAAMAAJ |title=The Hudson River by Daylight: New York to Albany, Saratoga Springs, Lake George ... |date=1873 |publisher=J. Featherston |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dutch Racks Revisited: the puzzle of the Hudson River reaches – Saugerties Lighthouse |date=March 10, 2022 |url=https://www.saugertieslighthouse.com/keepers-logbook/dutch-racks-revisited-the-puzzle-of-the-hudson-river-reaches/ |access-date=2022-07-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=May 25, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525063439/https://www.saugertieslighthouse.com/keepers-logbook/dutch-racks-revisited-the-puzzle-of-the-hudson-river-reaches/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>