Editing Hudson, Ohio (section)

==History==
[[Image:WRA chapel.jpg|thumb|left|upright|The chapel of [[Western Reserve Academy]]]]
The city is named after its founder, [[David Hudson (pioneer)|David Hudson]],<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n161 162]}}</ref> who settled there from [[Goshen, Connecticut]], in 1799, when it was part of the [[Connecticut Western Reserve]]. The village of Hudson, located in the center of [[Hudson Township, Summit County, Ohio|Hudson Township]], was incorporated in 1837. In Hudson, David Hudson built the first log house in [[Summit County, Ohio]]. There is a marker at the intersection of Baldwin Street and North Main Street ([[Ohio State Route 91]]), on the right when traveling east on Baldwin Street. The marker is embedded in the west face of the boulder.<ref>[https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=41268 The first Log House in Summit County]</ref>

Hudson, which had a distinctly New England character from its early settlers,<ref name=Sernett2004>{{cite book
|title=Abolition's Axe. Beriah Green, Oneida Institute, and the Black Freedom Struggle
|first=Milton C.
|last=Sernett
|authorlink=Milton Sernett
|location=Syracuse, New York
|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]
|year=2004
|isbn=0815623704
|page=17}}</ref> was the home of [[Western Reserve Academy|Western Reserve College and Preparatory School]], founded in 1826 by David Hudson among others. It was spoken of as the "Yale of the West". The college moved to [[Cleveland]] in 1882 and later, as Western Reserve University, merged with the Case Institute of Technology to form the modern [[Case Western Reserve University]]. The Yale-inspired red brick buildings are now the [[Western Reserve Academy]]. The [[Loomis Observatory]] was built in 1838 and is the oldest observatory in the U.S. still in its original location.

The [[Cleveland Line (Norfolk Southern)|Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad]] began service to Hudson in 1852. In 1861, President-elect [[Abraham Lincoln]] spoke to about 6,000 people for 2 to 3 minutes from the last train car at the old Hudson Depot, near the south end of College Street.<ref>[https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=41269 In 1861, President-elect Abraham Lincoln spoke to about 6,000 people in Hudson, Ohio]</ref><ref>[https://www.hmdb.org/map.asp?markers=41269 The former train track path past the old Hudson Depot left following property lines that align with the former path of the railroad: Both the north and south property lines of the current Hudson Police Department; along the northeast property line at the Shell Station by Hwy 303 and Library Street; along the northeast property line of the Cold Stone Creamery]</ref> The railroad ended passenger service at Hudson in 1965.<ref>https://case.edu/ech/articles/p/pennsylvania-railroad Pennsylvania Railroad | Case Western Reserve University</ref> A former train station (built in the 1910s) that was located near the intersection of West Streetsboro and Library Streets was demolished in 2013.<ref>https://www.summitmemory.org/digital/collection/ABJarchives/id/5733/ 1970 picture of the Pennsylvania Train Station in Hudson, Ohio.</ref><ref>https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3791p.rr005210/?r=-0.049,0.273,0.541,0.358,0 1884 Map of the Pennsylvania, Reading, and Lehigh Valley Railroads, and their connections. This map shows the Hudson, Ohio train station on the railroad.</ref>

East of Morse Road, there is an unfinished Clinton Air Line Railroad bridge (over Hurricane Creek near the power line from Morse Road to W. Prescott Road).<ref>Clinton Air Line Railroad bridge east of Morse Road [https://www.beaconjournal.com/story/lifestyle/2020/11/10/railroads-hudson-featured-heritage-association-program/6219851002/] Railroads of Hudson featured in Heritage Association program | Nov 2020 | Akron Beacon Journal (newspaper) | See also [[Moran, Ohio]] A Clinton Air Line Railroad bridge foundation remains at Tinker's Creek near Streetsboro, Ohio</ref>

There was a fire on the west side of Hudson's Main Street in 1892. The fire destroyed the buildings between Park Lane and Clinton Street. A. W. Lockhart's saloon and the Mansion House [Hotel] burned.<ref>[https://www.hudsonmemory.org/historical-events/hudsons-great-fire-of-1892-2/ Hudson’s Great Fire of 1892]</ref> The Hudson-born Pennsylvania coal mine owner [[James Ellsworth (industrialist)|James Ellsworth]] assisted in the rebuilding of Main Street after the street had been destroyed by fire in 1903. Ellsworth also refinanced the bankrupt Western Reserve Academy, housed on the former campus of Western Reserve College, which had been closed from 1903 until 1916.

In 1882, Gustave H. Grimm established the G.H. Grimm Manufacturing Company to build and sell corrugated tin-pan evaporators for use in maple syrup production. That area, now called "The Evaporator Works", is on the south of Ravenna Street and just east of Ohio Route 91.<ref>[https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=29261 Gustave H. Grimm, his Champion Evaporator for producing maple syrup]</ref>

The Hudson Clock Tower was built in 1912 by [[James Ellsworth (industrialist)|James Ellsworth]] who was born in Hudson in 1849. The original clock movement was supplied by the [[E. Howard Clock Company]] of Boston. The energy from 3000-pound weights powered the movement of the clocks and Westminster chimes. The town marshall was responsible for entering the tower every few days and winding (lifting) the weights.<ref>[https://www.hudson.oh.us/148/History-of-Hudson History of the Hudson Clock Tower]</ref>

[[Lincoln Ellsworth]] was the son of [[James Ellsworth (industrialist)|James Ellsworth]]. Lincoln Ellsworth is the only Hudsonite on a U.S. postage stamp.<ref>[https://www.beaconjournal.com/story/news/local/hudson-hub-times/2019/03/07/hudson-s-heritage-exploring-life/53197965007/ Hudson’s heritage: Exploring the life, legacy of Lincoln Ellsworth | Hudson Hub Times]</ref> The [[Ellsworth Mountains]] are named after Lincoln Ellsworth. Lincoln was born in Chicago and lived in Hudson when he was a child. Lincoln was awarded two [[Congressional Gold Medals]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lincoln-Ellsworth Lincoln Ellsworth, American explorer | Britannica]</ref><ref>[https://frammuseum.no/polar-history/explorers/lincoln-ellsworth-1880-1951/ Explorers, Ellsworth, Lincoln (1880–1951)]</ref>

From 1957 until the late 1980s, [[General Motors]] had a factory of almost one thousand workers in Hudson that built crawler tractor earth-moving equipment. The factory was beside and east of [[Ohio State Route 91]] and it was south of [[Terex]] Road. The original 1958 factory had 660,000 square feet. In 1961, GM added 340,000 square feet for a total of 1 million square feet of factory. In 1970, GM renamed their earth-moving equipment division as [[Terex]]. Currently [[Jo-Ann Stores]] uses most of the former GM factory.<ref>[http://wikimapia.org/1120817/Former-General-Motors-Terex-Factory General Motors Euclid Division, Terex Factory (Hudson, Ohio)]</ref><ref>[https://ohiomemory.ohiohistory.org/archives/2677 Terex: The Earth-moving Kings]</ref> Hudson had an airport from mid-1920s until 1957, known as the Hudson Mid-City Airport, near the former General Motors Euclid Division.<ref>[https://www.hudsonmemory.org/places/mid-city-airport/ Hudson Mid-City Airport, 1920s until 1957]</ref>

On November 28, 1973, a large area of the village, "roughly bounded by College, Streetsboro, S. Main, and Baldwin" streets, was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] as the Hudson Historic District. The historic district was expanded on October 10, 1989, to also include the area "roughly bounded by Hudson St., Old Orchard Dr., Aurora St., Oviatt St., Streetsboro St., and College St. to Aurora (street)". In addition to the Hudson Historic District, there are several additional properties in Hudson listed on the Register.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref> The City of Hudson came about in 1994 when voters approved the merger of Hudson Township and Hudson Village, which had previously been two separate governing entities.

In July 2003, Hudson received over {{convert|17|in}} of rain from three storm events within 24 hours. Hudson had flood damage within all its three watersheds ... Mud Brook, Brandywine Creek and Tinker's Creek. The Brandywine Creek Watershed experienced the most flood damage in 2003.<ref>[https://www.hudson.oh.us/DocumentCenter/View/8196/2020-Storm-Water-Presentation The City of Hudson Storm Water Update | February 25, 2020| 22 pages with maps]</ref> Two men drowned in an underground parking garage of a condominium complex on July 21, 2003.<ref>[https://www.beaconjournal.com/story/news/local/hudson-hub-times/2014/08/27/letter-remembering-lives-lost-during/19730187007/ Letter: Remembering lives lost during Hudson flood of 2003 | Akron Beacon Journal | August 27, 2014]</ref><ref>[https://www.wfmj.com/story/5301048/flooding-facts Flooding Facts | 21 WFMJ | Youngstown, OH]</ref> [[Ohio State Route 91|State Routes 91]] and [[Ohio State Route 303|303]] flooded where the highways dip low to pass under the train tracks and the highways were closed by 7:40 PM on July 21.<ref>[https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/research/roth/landcane.html MCS with Eye - July 21, 2003 | David Roth, Forecaster | Weather Prediction Center | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | U.S. Department of Commerce]</ref><ref>[https://hazards-fema.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=8b0adb51996444d4879338b5529aa9cd&extent=-81.45970555089875,41.24191043809262,-81.43893452428686,41.249977304882385 FEMA's National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) Viewer]</ref>

===Morse Controls===
John F. Morse, Jr. establish the Morse Instrument Company, later renamed Morse Controls, in Hudson.<ref name="usautoindustryworldwartwo.com">[https://usautoindustryworldwartwo.com/morseinstrumentcompany.htm#:~:text=This%20is%20the%20original%20Morse,housing%20and%20small%20retail%20shops.] Morse Instrument Company During World War Two in Hudson, OH</ref>  The company manufactured aviation, automotive, and maritime devices,<ref>[https://www.nmma.org/industry-awards/hall-of-fame-award?wid=98] National Marine Manufacturers Association Hall of Fame, John F. Morse, Jr.</ref> and by 1969, employed over 600 individuals, with annual sales of $12 million. The plant closed in 2020.<ref name="usautoindustryworldwartwo.com"/><ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Hudsons-Heritage-Chronicle-Founding-Flowering/dp/0873387198] Hudson’s Heritage, A Chronicle of the Founding and the Flowering of the Village of Hudson, Ohio | Grace Goulder Izant | 2001 The Kent State University Press</ref>

===An abolitionist center===
Ohio's [[Western Reserve]] "was probably the most intensely antislavery section of the country".<ref>{{cite book
|title=His Soul Goes Marching On. Responses to John Brown and the Harpers Ferry Raid
|editor-first=Paul
|editor-last=Finkleman
|editor-link=Paul Finkleman
|location=[[Charlottesville, Virginia]]
|publisher=[[University Press of Virginia]]
|year=1995
|isbn=0813915368
|first=Bertram
|last=Wyatt-Brown
|chapter='A Volcano Beneath a Mountain of Snow': John Brown and the Problem of Interpretation
|pages=9–38, at p. 19}}</ref> Hudson, with the Reserve's first college, was for a time its intellectual capital.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}} The founders of Hudson were abolitionists, although founder David Hudson favored the soon-to-be-discarded strategy of "[[American Colonization Society|colonization]]": sending free Blacks "back to Africa". Another founder, [[Owen Brown (abolitionist, born 1771)|Owen Brown]], father of [[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]], also from Connecticut, was a fervent abolitionist. The latter, who arguably did more to end slavery in the United States than any other person, grew up and was educated in Hudson from 1805 to 1825. There is a marker at the site of his family's home, at the intersection of Ravenna and South Main Streets.

There is also a historical marker at the location of the first meetinghouse of the First Congregational Church, at East Main and Church Streets, reading: "In August, 1835, church members unanimously adopted a resolution declaring that slavery is 'a direct violation of the law of Almighty God.' At a November 1837 prayer meeting, church member and anti-slavery leader John Brown made his first public vow to destroy slavery."<ref>{{cite web
|title=First Congregational Church of Hudson
|date=September 26, 2010
|first=Kevin
|last=Gray
|access-date=July 19, 2019
|publisher=Historical Markers Database
|url=https://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=36192}}</ref>

Thousands of [[fugitive slaves]], heading for freedom in Canada, passed through Hudson; it was a stop on the [[Underground Railroad]]. Owen Brown was very active in assisting the fugitives.<ref>{{cite web
|title=Hudson and the Underground Railroad
|author=The Friends of Freedom Society, Ohio Underground Railroad Association
|access-date=July 18, 2019
|url=https://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=36201
|date=2010}}</ref> As of 2019, 21 locations in and around Hudson associated with the Underground Railroad have been identified.<ref name=Caccamo>{{cite web
|title=Underground Railroad Sites in Hudson, Ohio
|first=James F.
|last=Caccamo
|year=2019
|publisher=Hudson Library and Historical Society
|access-date=July 15, 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727223034/https://www.hudsonlibrary.org/historical-society/underground-railroad-sites-in-hudson-ohio/
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=July 27, 2021
|url=https://www.hudsonlibrary.org/historical-society/underground-railroad-sites-in-hudson-ohio/}}</ref> and in 1992 there appeared a book by James Caccamo, ''Hudson and the Underground Railroad''.

Hudson's period of anti-slavery leadership ended in the early 1830s. [[Beriah Green]], the lone professor of theology at the college, was influenced by [[William Lloyd Garrison]]'s new newspaper, ''[[The Liberator (newspaper)|The Liberator]],'' and his ''Thoughts on African Colonization''. He preached four fiery anti-slavery sermons, which so inflamed the college that nothing else was being discussed, the president said, and the town was torn apart.<ref name=Caccamo/> Green, expecting to be fired, left to become president of the [[Oneida Institute]], on condition Blacks be admitted on the same terms as whites. Oneida, near [[Utica, New York]], replaced Hudson as the nation's leading abolitionist center.