Editing Hubert Walter (section)

==Early life==
Hubert Walter was the son of Hervey Walter<ref name=BHOYork>Greenway "Deans" ''Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300'' Volume 6: York</ref> and his wife Maud de Valoignes, one of the daughters (and co-heiresses) of Theobald de Valoignes, who was lord of Parham in Suffolk.<ref name=CPII447/><ref name=Young4/> Walter was one of six brothers.<ref name=DNB/> The eldest brother, [[Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler|Theobald Walter]], and Walter himself, were helped in their careers by their uncle, Ranulf de Glanvill.<ref name=CPII447>Cokayne ''Complete Peerage: Volume Two'' p. 447</ref>{{efn|Although the ''[[Complete Peerage]]'' lists Theobald as the eldest brother, other historians are not so sure that he was eldest.<ref name=Mortimer9>Mortimer "Family of Rannulf de Glanville" ''Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research'' p. 9</ref>}} Glanvill was the chief justiciar for Henry II; and was married to Maud de Valoignes' sister, Bertha.<ref name=DNB/> Walter's father and paternal grandfather held lands in [[Suffolk]] and [[Norfolk]], which were inherited by Theobald.<ref name=Young4&5>Young ''Hubert Walter'' pp. 4–5</ref> A younger brother, [[Osbert fitzHervey|Osbert]], became a royal justice and died in 1206. Roger, Hamo (or Hamon) and Bartholomew only appear as witnesses to charters.<ref name=Young4/><ref name=DNB>Stacey "Walter, Hubert" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref>

Walter's family was from [[West Dereham]] in Norfolk, which is probably where Walter was born.<ref name=Young5>Young ''Hubert Walter'' p. 5</ref> Walter first appears in Glanvill's household in a charter that has been dated to 1178, although as it is undated it may have been written as late as 1180.<ref name=Young>Young ''Hubert Walter'' p. 3 and footnote 1</ref> His brother Theobald also served in their uncle's household.<ref name=Young4>Young ''Hubert Walter'' p. 4</ref> Walter's gratitude towards his aunt and uncle is shown in the foundation charter of Walter's monastery in Dereham, where he asks the foundation to pray for the "souls of Ranulf Glanvill and Bertha his wife, who nourished us".<ref name=QYoung4>Quoted in Young ''Hubert Walter'' p. 4</ref> Earlier historians asserted that Walter studied law at [[Bologna]], based on his name appearing in a list of those to be commemorated at a monastery in Bologna in which English students lodged. Modern historians have discounted this, as the list also includes benefactors, not just students; other evidence points to the fact that Walter had a poor grasp of Latin, and did not consider himself to be a learned man.<ref name=Young7>Young ''Hubert Walter'' pp. 7–8</ref> However, this did not mean that he was illiterate, merely that he was not "book-learned", or educated at a university.<ref name=Clanchy229>Clanchy ''From Memory to Written Record'' p. 229</ref> His contemporary, the medieval writer [[Gerald of Wales]] said of Walter that the Exchequer was his school.<ref name=Clanchy68/>