Editing House of Sabah (section)

==History==
===Origin===
The Al Sabah family originate from the [[Bani Utbah]] confederation.<ref name=b_slot/><ref name=hamphd>{{cite web|author=Hamad Ibrahim Abdul Rahman Al Tuwaijri|title=Political power and rule in Kuwait|url=http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1687/1/1996altuwaijriphd.pdf |publisher=Glasgow University|access-date=5 February 2021|page=6|format=PhD Thesis|date=1996}}</ref> Prior to settling in Kuwait, the Al Sabah family were expelled from [[Umm Qasr]] in southern Iraq by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] due to their predatory habits of preying on caravans in [[Basra]] and trading ships in the [[Shatt al-Arab]].<ref name="qdl1">{{cite web|url=http://www.qdl.qa/en/archive/81055/vdc_100023575946.0x00009c|title='Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf. Vol I. Historical. Part IA & IB. J G Lorimer. 1915' [1000] (1155/1782)|date=30 September 2014|publisher=qdl.qa|page=1000|accessdate=16 January 2015}}</ref> According to one oral tradition, the Al Sabah family settled across various regions in southern [[Iran]] and [[Iraq]],<ref name=b_slot/> until they finally settled in what is now Kuwait around the mid-1700s.<ref name=b_slot>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zoTsorEN_yEC&pg=PA70|title=The Origins of Kuwait|pages=70–71|author=B. Slot|year=1991|publisher=BRILL |isbn=9004094091}}</ref> According to another oral tradition, told to the Political Agent by Shaikh Abdulla, the Sabahs fled drought in central Arabia in the early 1700s. They migrated south, but finding conditions bleaker still, returned and now with other families migrated to [[Zubarah|Zubara]], on Qatar's west coast. Conditions there were no better so they migrated again, this time north to Kuwait where, finding water, they settled. On the last leg of the journey they had ''atabu-ila al-shimal'' (moved to the north). And that, according to one tradition, was the origin of the name Bani Utub.<ref name="Crystal 1990">{{Cite book|last=Crystal|first=Jill|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19722357|title=Oil and politics in the Gulf : rulers and merchants in Kuwait and Qatar|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-36639-9|location=Cambridge [England]|oclc=19722357}}</ref> Soon after founding a settlement in Kuwait, a [[Sabah I|Sabah]] became leader, ruling until his death in 1762.

===Mubarak the Great===
The reign of [[Mubarak the Great]] (1896-1915) forged the critical alliance between Kuwait and Britain. In the late 19th century, resurgent Ottoman power coupled with rising [[House of Saud|Al-Saud]] power drew Kuwait closer to the [[Ottoman Turks|Ottomans]]. This began to change as the century closed. When [[Muhammad bin Sabah Al-Sabah|Sheikh Mohammed]] came to power in 1892, disagreements soon arose between him and his brother Mubarak. Muhammad dealt with this by busying Mubarak with affairs outside the capital. In 1896 he summoned his sons, [[Jaber II Al-Sabah|Jabir]] and [[Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah|Salim]], and some supporters and rode to Kuwait, secretly entering Muhammed's house. There he killed Muhammed and his brother Jarrah. In the morning, Mubarak announced that his brothers had died, and that he ruled in their stead.<ref name="Crystal 1990"/>

===Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salim===
Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah ended the British protectorate status of Kuwait by signing a treaty with the [[United Kingdom|British]] on 19 June 1961.  He introduced the [[Constitution of Kuwait]] in 1962, followed by the [[National Assembly of Kuwait|Parliament]] in 1963.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Herb|first=Michael|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/897815115|title=The wages of oil : Parliaments and economic development in Kuwait and the UAE|date=2014|isbn=978-0-8014-5469-1|location=Ithaca|oclc=897815115}}</ref>

===Gulf War===
During the Gulf War, the Emir of Kuwait [[Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah|Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah]] and his government ran the exiled government from a hotel in [[Ta'if|Ta'if, Saudi Arabia]].<ref name="Crystal 1990"/>

From Ta'if, Sheikh Jaber set up his government so that its ministers were in communication with the people still in [[Kuwait]]. The government was able to direct an underground armed resistance made up of both military and civilian forces and was able to provide public services to the Kuwaiti people who remained, such as emergency care through the funds that it had saved from oil revenues.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Schmitt|first1=Eric|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|date=1991-01-05|title=Confrontation in the Gulf;|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/05/world/confrontation-in-the-gulf.html|access-date=2021-09-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In the meantime, Sheikh Jaber and his government lobbied to receive military support action against Iraq before and during the Gulf War. When the war ended on 28 February 1991, Sheikh Jaber remained in Saudi Arabia while declaring three months of [[martial law]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last1=Ibrahim|first1=Youssef M.|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|date=1991-03-04|title=AFTER THE WAR: Kuwait City; Nagging Question Lies Beneath Kuwait's Rejoicing: When Is the Emir Coming Home?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/04/world/after-war-kuwait-city-nagging-question-lies-beneath-kuwait-s-rejoicing-when-emir.html|access-date=2021-09-02|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

By imposing martial law, government officials were able to ensure that there were no Iraqis still in Kuwait who may have attempted to once again overthrow the government. They were also tasked with making sure that the country was safe enough for Sheikh Jaber and his government to return, which they eventually did on 15 March 1991.<ref name=":0" />