Editing House of Bonaparte (section)

==Italian origins==
The Bonaparte (originally {{langx|it|[[:it:Bonaparte (famiglia)|Buonaparte]]}}) family were [[Patrician (post-Roman Europe)|patricians]] in the Italian towns of [[Sarzana]], [[San Miniato]], and [[Florence]]. The name derives from [[Italian language|Italian]]: ''buona'' ("good") and ''parte'' ("part" or "side"). In Italian, the phrase "buona parte" is used to identify a fraction of considerable, but undefined, size in a {{lang|la|totum}}.
 
Gianfaldo Buonaparte was the first known Buonaparte at Sarzana around 1200. His descendant Giovanni Buonaparte in 1397 married Isabella Calandrini, a cousin of later cardinal [[Filippo Calandrini]]. Giovanni became mayor of [[Sarzana]] and was named commissioner of the [[Lunigiana]] by [[Gian Maria Visconti|Giovanni Maria Visconti]] in 1408. His daughter, Agnella Berni, was the great-grandmother of Italian poet [[Francesco Berni]] and their great-grandson Francesco Buonaparte was an equestrian [[mercenary]] at the service of the [[Republic of Genoa|Genoese]] [[Bank of Saint George]]. In 1490, Francesco Buonaparte went to the island of [[Corsica]], which was controlled by the bank. In 1493, he married the daughter of Guido da Castelletto, representative of the Bank of Saint George in [[Ajaccio]], Corsica. Most of their descendants during subsequent generations were members of the Ajaccio town council. Napoleon's father, [[Carlo Buonaparte]], received a [[Letters patent|patent of nobility]] from the [[King of France]] in 1771.<ref name=Horricks/>

There also existed a Buonaparte family in [[Florence]]; however, its eventual relation with the Sarzana and San Miniato families is unknown. [[Jacopo Buonaparte]] of San Miniato was a friend and advisor to [[House of Medici|Medici]] [[Pope Clement VII]]. Jacopo was also a witness to and wrote an account of the [[sack of Rome (1527)|sack of Rome]], which is one of the most important historical documents recounting that event.<ref>Jacopo Bonaparte: ''Sac de Rome''. Écrit EN 1527 par Jacques Bonaparte. Témoin oculaire, hrsgg. by Bonaparte, Napoléon Louis, Florenz 1850</ref> Two of Jacopo's nephews, Pier Antonio Buonaparte and Giovanni Buonaparte, however, took part in the 1527 Medici rebellion, after which they were banished from Florence and later were restored by [[Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence]]. Jacopo's brother Benedetto Buonaparte maintained political neutrality.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The partbooks of a Florentine ex-patriate: new light on Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale Ms. Magl. XIX 164–7 |author-link=Joshua F. Drake |first=Joshua F. |last=Drake |journal=[[Early Music (journal)|Early Music]] |volume=33 |number=4 |date=October 2005 |pages=639–646 |doi=10.1093/em/cah154|s2cid=191585911 }}</ref> The San Miniato branch extinguished with Jacopo in 1550. The last member of the Florence family was a canon named Gregorio Bonaparte, who died in 1803, leaving Napoleon as heir.<ref>{{cite book |last=Burke |first=Sir Bernard |title=Vicissitudes of Families |year=1869 |publisher=Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dye |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/vicissitudesoffa02burk}}</ref>

A Buonaparte tomb lies in the Church of San Francesco in [[San Miniato]]. A second tomb, the ''Chapelle Impériale'', was built by Napoleon III in Ajaccio 1857.

<gallery>
Blason fam fr Bonaparte ornamented.svg|Coat of arms of the Buonaparte of Sarzana
Coat of arms of th Bonaparte family in San Miniato.svg|Coat of arms of the Buonaparte of San Miniato
Blason fam it Firenze Santa Maria Novella.svg|Coat of arms of the Buonaparte of Florence
</gallery>