Editing Hornbostel–Sachs (section)

==Idiophones (1)==
{{main|Idiophone}}
{{See also|List of idiophones by Hornbostel–Sachs number}}
'''[[Idiophone]]s''' primarily produce their sounds by means of the actual body of the instrument vibrating, rather than a string, membrane, or column of air. In essence, this group includes all [[percussion instrument]]s apart from [[drums]], and some other instruments. In the Hornbostel–Sachs classification, idiophones are first categorized according to the method used to play the instrument. The result is four main categories: struck idiophones (11), plucked idiophones (12), friction idiophones (13) and blown idiophones (14). These groups are subsequently divided through various criteria. In many cases these sub-categories are split in singular specimens and sets of instruments. The class of idiophones includes the [[xylophone]], the [[marimba]], the [[glockenspiel]], and the [[glass harmonica]].

===Struck idiophones (11)===
{{main|Struck idiophone}}
These idiophones are set in vibration by being struck, for example [[cymbal]]s or [[xylophone]]s.

====Directly struck idiophones (111)====
The player executes the movement of striking; whether by mechanical intermediate devices, beaters, keyboards, or by pulling ropes, etc. It is definitive that the player can apply clear, exact, individual strokes, and that the instrument itself is equipped for this kind of percussion.
* 111.1 [[Concussion idiophone]]s or [[clapper (musical instrument)|clappers]] – Two or more complementary sonorous parts are struck against each other.
** 111.11 Concussion [[wikt:stick|sticks]] or stick clappers ([[clapstick]]).
** 111.12 Concussion plaques or plaque clappers ([[paiban]]).
** 111.13 Concussion [[trough (physics)|troughs]] or [[watering trough|trough]] clappers ([[devil chase]]).
** 111.14 Concussion [[Bowl (vessel)|vessels]] or vessel clappers ([[spoon (musical instrument)|spoons]]).
*** 111.141 [[Castanets]] – Natural and hollowed-out vessel clappers.
*** 111.142 [[Cymbals]] – Vessel clappers with manufactured rim.
* 111.2 [[Percussion idiophone]]s – The instrument is struck either with a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground).
** 111.21 [[Percussion stick]]s.
*** 111.211 Individual percussion sticks.
*** 111.212 Sets of percussion sticks in a range of different pitches combined into one instrument. – All [[xylophone]]s, as long as their sounding components are not in two different planes.
** 111.22 [[Percussion plaque]]s.
*** 111.221 Individual percussion plaques.
*** 111.222 Sets of percussion plaques – Examples are the [[lithophone]] and also most [[metallophone]]s.
** 111.23 [[Percussion tube]]s.
*** 111.231 Individual percussion tubes.
*** 111.232 Sets of percussion tubes.
** 111.24 [[Percussion vessel]]s.
*** 111.241 [[Gong]]s – The vibration is strongest near the vertex.
**** 111.241.1 Individual gongs.
**** 111.241.2 Sets of gongs.
*** 111.242 [[Bell]]s – The vibration is weakest near the vertex.
**** 111.242.1 Individual bells.
***** 111.242.11 Resting bells whose opening faces upward (for example the [[standing bell]])
***** 111.242.12 Hanging bells suspended from the apex.
****** 111.242.121 Hanging bells without internal strikers.
****** 111.242.122 Hanging bells with internal strikers.
**** 111.242.2 Sets of bells or [[Tubular bells|chimes]].
***** 111.242.21 Sets of resting bells whose opening faces upward.
***** 111.242.22 Sets of hanging bells suspended from the apex.
****** 111.242.221 Sets of hanging bells without internal strikers.
****** 111.242.222 Sets of hanging bells with internal strikers.
**111.3 Mixed sets of directly struck idiophones

====Indirectly struck idiophones (112)====
The player themself does not go through the movement of striking; percussion results indirectly through some other movement by the player.
* 112.1 Shaken Idiophones or [[Rattle (percussion instrument)|rattles]] – The player makes a shaking motion
** 112.11 Suspension rattles – Perforated idiophones are mounted together, and shaken to strike against each other.
*** 112.111 Strung rattles – Rattling objects are strung in rows on a cord.
*** 112.112 Stick rattles – Rattling objects are strung on a bar or ring.
** 112.12 Frame rattles – Rattling objects are attached to a carrier against which they strike ([[flexatone]]).
*** 112.121 Pendant rattles.
*** 112.122 Sliding rattles.
** 112.13 Vessel rattles – Rattling objects enclosed in a vessel strike against each other or against the walls of the vessel, or usually against both.
* 112.2 [[Scraped idiophone|Scraped Idiophones]] – The player causes a scraping movement directly or indirectly; a non-sonorous object moves along the notched surface of a sonorous object, to be alternately lifted off the teeth and flicked against them; or an elastic sonorous object moves along the surface of a notched non-sonorous object to cause a series of impacts. This group must not be confused with that of friction idiophones.
** 112.21 Scraped sticks.
*** 112.211 Scraped sticks without resonator.
*** 112.212 Scraped sticks with resonator.
** 112.22 Scraped tubes.
***112.221 Scraped tubes without resonator.
*** 112.222 Scraped tubes with resonator.
** 112.23 Scraped vessels.
***112.231 Scraped vessels without resonator.
*** 112.232 Scraped vessels with resonator.
** 112.24 Scraped wheels – cog rattles or [[Ratchet (instrument)|Ratchet]]
***112.241 Scraped wheels without resonator.
***112.242 Scraped wheels with resonator.
* 112.3 Split idiophones – Instruments in the shape of two springy arms connected at one end and touching at the other: the arms are forced apart by a little stick, to jangle or vibrate on recoil.

===Plucked idiophones (12)===
{{See|List of lamellophones}}

Plucked idiophones, or [[lamellaphone]]s, are idiophones set in vibration by being plucked; examples include the [[jaw harp]] or [[mbira]]. This group is sub-divided in the following two categories:

====In the form of a frame (121)====
The lamellae vibrate within a frame or hoop.
* 121.1 Clack idiophones or [[Cricri]] – The lamella is carved in the surface of a fruit shell, which serves as resonator.
* 121.2 Guimbardes and [[Jaw harp]]s (i. e. "kissed" idiophones) – The lamella is mounted in a rod- or plaque-shaped frame and depends on the player's mouth cavity for resonance.
** 121.21 Idioglot guimbardes – The lamella is cut through the frame of the instrument ([[kubing]]).
***121.211 Individual idioglot guimbardes.
*** 121.212 Sets of idioglot guimbardes
** 121.22 Heteroglot guimbardes – The lamella is attached to the frame (Western Jew's harp, [[kouxian]]). Present-day ethnomusicologists, such as [[Margaret J. Kartomi|Margaret Kartomi]] (page 173) and Ellingson (PhD dissertation, 1979, p.&nbsp;544), might support the suggestion that, in keeping with the spirit of the original Hornbostel–Sachs classification scheme, of categorization by what first produces the initial sound in the instrument, that the supposed class 412.13 should count as these instead.
*** 121.221 Individual heteroglot guimbardes.
*** 121.222 Sets of heteroglot guimbardes
**121.23 Mixed sets of guimbardes

====In the form of a comb (122)====
The lamellae are tied to a board or cut out from a board like the teeth of a comb.
* 122.1 With laced on lamellae.
** 122.11 Without resonator.
** 122.12 With resonator.
* 122.2 With cut-out lamellae – [[Musical box]]
**122.21 Without resonator.
** 122.22 With resonator.
*122.3 Mixed sets of combs

====Mixed sets of lamellophones (123)====

===Friction idiophones (13)===
Idiophones which are rubbed, for example the [[nail violin]], a bowed instrument with solid pieces of metal or wood rather than strings.

====Friction sticks (131)====
* 131.1 Individual friction sticks.
**131.11 Without direct friction.
** 131.12 With direct friction.
* 131.2 Sets of friction sticks.
** 131.21 Without direct friction.
** 131.22 With direct friction.
**131.23 Mixed

====Friction plaques (132)====
* 132.1 Individual friction plaques.
**132.11 Without direct friction.
** 132.12 With direct friction.
* 132.2 Sets of friction plaques.
**132.21 Without direct friction.
** 132.22 With direct friction.
**132.23 Mixed

====Friction vessels (133)====
* 133.1 Individual friction vessels (for example the [[singing bowl]])
**133.11 Without direct friction.
** 133.12 With direct friction.
* 133.2 Sets of friction vessels.
**133.21 Without direct friction.
** 133.22 With direct friction.
**133.23 Mixed

'''Sets of Friction idiophones (134)'''

* 134.1 Without direct friction.
* 134.2 With direct friction.
* 134.3 Mixed

===Blown idiophones (14)===
{{main|Blown idiophone}}
Blown idiophones are idiophones set in vibration by the movement of air, for example the [[Aeolsklavier]], an instrument consisting of several pieces of wood which vibrate when air is blown onto them by a set of [[bellows]]. The piano chanteur features plaques.

====Blown sticks (141)====
* 141.1 Individual blown sticks.
* 141.2 Sets of blown sticks.
** [[Aeolodion]]

====Blown plaques (142)====
* 142.1 Individual blown plaques.
* 142.2 Sets of blown plaques.

'''Mixed sets of blown idiophones (143)'''

===Unclassified idiophones (15)===