Editing Hormone (section)

==Introduction and overview==
{{Further|Signal transduction}}

Hormone producing cells are found in the [[endocrine system|endocrine glands]], such as the [[thyroid gland]], [[ovary|ovaries]], and [[testes]].<ref>{{Cite web| vauthors = Wisse B |date= 13 June 2021 |title=Endocrine glands|url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/1093.htm |access-date=November 18, 2021|work = MedlinePlus | publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine }}</ref> Hormonal signaling involves the following steps:<ref name="Nussey_Whitehead_2001">{{cite book|vauthors=Nussey S, Whitehead S |title=Endocrinology: an integrated approach|year= 2001 |publisher= Bios Scientific Publ. |location= Oxford |pmid=20821847 |isbn= 978-1-85996-252-7 |url= https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22/}}</ref>
# '''[[Biosynthesis]]''' of a particular hormone in a particular tissue.
# '''Storage and [[cellular secretion|secretion]]''' of the hormone.
# '''Transport''' of the hormone to the target cell(s).
# '''Recognition''' of the hormone by an [[membrane protein|associated cell membrane]] or [[intracellular]] [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] protein.
# '''Relay and amplification''' of the received hormonal signal via a [[signal transduction]] process: This then leads to a cellular response. The reaction of the target cells may then be recognized by the original hormone-producing cells, leading to a [[downregulation]] in hormone production. This is an example of a [[homeostasis|homeostatic]] [[negative feedback loop]].
# '''Breakdown''' of the hormone.

[[Exocytosis]] and other methods of [[cell membrane|membrane transport]] are used to secrete hormones when the endocrine glands are signaled. The hierarchical model is an [[oversimplification]] of the hormonal signaling process. Cellular recipients of a particular hormonal signal may be one of several cell types that reside within a number of different tissues, as is the case for [[insulin]], which triggers a diverse range of systemic physiological effects. Different tissue types may also respond differently to the same hormonal signal.{{citation needed|date=May 2022}}