Editing Honeywell 6000 series (section)

==Models==
The high-end model was the 6080, with performance approximately 1&nbsp;[[Instructions per second|MIPS]].  Smaller models were the 6070,  6060, 6050, 6040, and 6030. In 1973, a low-end 6025 was introduced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ck8xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=26EFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4630%2C2887525|access-date=May 11, 2014|newspaper=The Montreal Gazette|title=Honeywell puts the squeeze on big computer costs|date=September 12, 1973}}</ref> The models with an even number as the next-to-last digit of the model number included an ''Enhanced Instruction Set'' feature (EIS), which added decimal arithmetic and storage-to-storage operations to the original word-oriented architecture.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/honeywell/datapro/70C-480-11_7209_Honeywell_Series_6000.pdf
|quote=The Series 6000 systems employ a memory-oriented architecture.
|title=Honeywell Series 6000  |website=Bitsavers.org}}</ref> In 1973, Honeywell introduced the 6180, a 6000-series machine with addressing modifications to support the [[Multics]] operating system.

In 1974, Honeywell introduced several new computers under the name ''Series 60''; the ''Level 66'' and ''Level 68'' members of the series were compatible with the 6000 series machines, and were slightly faster (to 1.2&nbsp;MIPS) and offered larger MOS memories rather than core memories. The larger machines included a cache memory. The Level 66/20, Level 66/40, Level 66/60, and Level 66/80 were compatible with the 6040, 6060, and 6080; the Level 68/80 was compatible with the 6180, and supported Multics.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bitsavers.org/pdf/datapro/datapro_reports_70s-90s/Honeywell_Bull/70C-480-13_7406_Honeywell_Series_60.pdf |title=Honeywell Series 60 |publisher=Datapro Research Corporation |date=June 1974}}</ref> Lower-end Level 66 and Level 68 processors were introduced in 1975; in the case of the Multics compatible 68/60, the key difference was the removal of the cache memory and limiting the configuration to a maximum of two processors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bitsavers.org/pdf/datapro/datapro_reports_70s-90s/Honeywell_Bull/70C-480-13_7504_Honeywell_Series_60.pdf |title=Honeywell Series 60 New Product Announcement |publisher=Datapro Research Corporation |date=June 1974}}</ref>

In 1977, the line was again renamed to the 66/DPS (68/DPS for Multics compatible models). This was part of wide-scale repricing to remain compatible with the prices reductions that IBM had introduced to the market in early 1977. The newly introduced 68/DPS was available in at least 5 distinct configurations (Level1 through Level5).<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Upton |first1=Molly |title=Technology Actions by IBM Spur Plunge in 1977 Prices |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WLBwz072RKYC |magazine=Computerworld |volume=XII |issue=2|pages=1,6–7 |publisher=IDG Enterprise |date=16 January 1978 |language=en}}</ref> 

During this period the top of the range was only comparable to the [[IBM System/370 Model 155|IBM System/370 Model 155/158]] when it came to performance; this posed an issue for Honeywell when competing against the higher end of the [[System/370]] family. This led to the development and the introduction of the Honeywell Model 66/85 in 1977.<ref>{{cite news |title=Big and Powerful Computer Is Introduced by Honeywell |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/01/28/archives/big-and-powerful-computer-is-introduced-by-honeywell.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=28 January 1977 |language=en}}</ref> This system built with [[current-mode logic]] (CML) which promised to offer faster speeds in a more compact format. However Honeywell were unable to produce the CML chips in a cost-effective manner and subsequently withdrew the 66/85 from marketing in 1978.<ref>{{cite news |title=Honeywell Dropping Powerful Computer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/14/archives/honeywell-dropping-powerful-computer-company-says-it-wont-market-it.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=14 March 1978 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Blumenthal |first1=Marcia |title=Mini Revitalizing This Mainframer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yg3gMg3D-H4C&dq=66%2F85&pg=PA4 |magazine=Computerworld |volume=XIII |issue=26 |publisher=IDG Enterprise |date=25 June 1979 |language=en}}</ref> 

In 1979 the family was renamed to DPS-8, again with a small performance improvement to 1.7&nbsp;MIPS.<ref name=Bellec>{{cite web|last=Bellec |first=Jean |title=from GECOS to GCOS8 |url=http://www.feb-patrimoine.com/english/gecos_to_gcos8_part_2.htm |work=an history of Large Systems in GE, Honeywell, NEC and Bull |access-date=May 8, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702224258/http://www.feb-patrimoine.com/english/gecos_to_gcos8_part_2.htm |archive-date=July 2, 2014 }}</ref> GCOS 8 shipped as the native operating system with support for a new Virtual memory hardware implementation (Virtual Unit - VU) that used a combination of Virtual Spaces, Paging, Segments and Domains. This was known as the "New System Architecture" (NSA) and was incompatible with the Multics model of virtual memory. As a result modifications were required to ship the Multics compatible DPS-8/M which omitted the VU and instead implemented Multics Ring based securing model and the hybrid "Paged Segmentation" model of Multics virtual memory.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thelen|first=Ed|title=Honeywell DPS8|url=http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/honeywell-DPS8.html|access-date=May 8, 2014}}</ref>

In 1982 Honeywell announced the new DPS-88 model which like the previous unsuccessful 66/85 was built using CML instead of the [[Transistor–transistor logic|TTL]] as used in the previous DPS-8 generation. This required a switch from air cooling to using water cooling. The DPS-88 was offered in at two models based on the number of CPU's supported and memory supported: DPS-88/81 (64MB) and DPS-88/82 (128MB).<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Tom |first1=Henkel |title=Honeywell Unveils DPS 88 To Battle in IBM 3083 Arena |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3kpkQKds0lAC |magazine=Computerworld |volume=XVI |issue=42 |publisher=IDG Enterprise |date=18 October 1982 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Honeywell's New Computer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/15/business/honeywell-s-new-computer.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=15 October 1982 |language=en}}</ref> Subsequently Honeywell would sign a pact with NEC to import and sell NEC's S-1000 as the DPS-90.<ref>{{cite news |title=Honeywell Pact With NEC Set |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/20/business/honeywell-pact-with-nec-set.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=20 October 1983 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Honeywell DPS 90 Series |url=https://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/datapro/datapro_reports_70s-90s/Honeywell_Bull/70C-458MM-80_8506_Honeywell_DPS_90.pdf |publisher=Datapro Research Corporation}}</ref>