Editing Homs (section)

==Etymology==
The city's modern name is an [[Arabic]] form of the city's [[Latin]] name ''Emesus'', derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] ''Émesa'' or ''Émesos'',<ref>Room, 2006, p. 167.</ref> or ''Hémesa''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Raphael Patai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o_p1CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|title=The Jews of Hungary: History, Culture, Psychology|publisher=Wayne State University Press|year=2015|page=24|isbn=9780814341926|access-date=14 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230203204/https://books.google.com/books?id=o_p1CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|archive-date=30 December 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Most sources claim that the name ''Emesa'' in turn derived from the name of the nomadic Arab tribe known in Greek as ''Emesenoi'', who inhabited the region prior to Roman influence in the area.<ref name="Ball"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Kropp|first=Andreas J. M.|title=Images and Monuments of Near Eastern Dynasts, 100 BC—AD 100|year=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsoipziOWpYC|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199670727|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=23 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923074545/https://books.google.com/books?id=fsoipziOWpYC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=Syria|volume=94|year=2017|title=The client kings of Emesa: a study of local identities in the Roman East|author=Michaela Konrad|translator=Mary Wong-Sommer|url=https://journals.openedition.org/syria/5583|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821200556/https://journals.openedition.org/syria/5583|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Émesa'' was shortened to ''Homs'' or ''Hims'' by its Arab inhabitants, many of whom settled there prior to the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant|Muslim conquest of Syria]].<ref name="Dumper1">Dumper, 2007, p. 171.</ref><ref>Gibbon and Ockley, 1870, p. 177.</ref>

Other sources claim that the name ''Émesa'' or ''Hémesa'' was derived from that of the Aramean city of [[Hamath-zobah]], a combination of ''Hamath'' ({{langx|he|חֲמָת|Ḥamāth}}; {{langx|syr|ܚܡܬ|Ḥmṭ}}; "fortress") and ''Sawbah'' ({{langx|he|צובָא|links=no}}; {{langx|syr|ܨܘܒܐ|links=no}} ''Ṣwba''; "nearness").<ref>[https://glosbe.com/syc/en/%DC%A8%DC%98%DC%92%DC%90 ܨܘܒܐ in English] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923074558/https://glosbe.com/syc/en/%DC%A8%DC%98%DC%92%DC%90 |date=23 September 2023 }} glosbe.com.</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2020}} Thus, the name collectively means "The fortress surrounding" which refers to the [[Citadel of Homs]] and the encircling plains.<ref>{{cite book|author=Khoury Issa Ahmed|url=http://www.liilas.com/mlooli/tarekh-hms-1.pdf|title=History of Homs – Chapter One, 2300 BCE – 622 AD|publisher=Al-Sayih Library|language=ar|year=1983|page=38|access-date=9 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910041009/http://www.liilas.com/mlooli/tarekh-hms-1.pdf|archive-date=10 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The city was subsequently referred to as {{lang|grc|Χέμψ}} (''Khémps'') in [[Medieval Greek]], and as "''la Chamelle''" (literally meaning "the female camel" in [[French language|French]] but likely a corruption of the Arabic name according to [[René Dussaud]]<ref>{{Cite book|author=René Dussaud|title=Topographie historique de la Syrie antique et médiévale|year=1927|quote=Le terme « vulgo » indique que Camela est tiré du vocable arabe Ḥimṣ. La transcription de la gutturale initiale par ''c'' est fréquente, ainsi Calep (Gautier le chancelier, etc.) pour Ḥaleb. La vocalisation et l’addition de ''l'' ont été entraînées pour retrouver un mot considéré comme typique pour la région. [...] Peut-être cet ''l'' ne se prononçait-il pas primitivement ou très faiblement, et cela expliquerait sa présence dans le mot amiral, transcription d{{'}}''amir''.}}</ref>) by the [[Crusades|Crusaders]] (e.g. [[William of Tyre]], ''Historia'', 7.12, 21.6), although they never ruled the city.<ref>{{cite book|title=Histoire des Croisades III|first=René|last= Grousset|page= 18}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Seventh Crusade, 1244–1254: Sources and Documents|first=Peter|last= Jackson|author-link = Peter Jackson (historian)|page=83|isbn=978-0-7546-5722-4|year=2007|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]}}</ref>